Share count
13Mpeak FY2025
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OBT, Orange County Bancorp Inc.
Banks financial
We offer a full suite of financial products, including checking, savings and money market accounts, certificates of deposit and treasury management services.
Continues to successfully recruit seasoned lenders with expertise and proven track records in its historical and expanded operating markets.
Continues to enjoy particularly strong growth in its newer markets of Rockland and Westchester Counties, which offer significant growth potential as a function of market size and demographics, while Orange County continues to represent approximately 42% of the Bank's deposits as of December 31, 2025.
The business
What it sells, where the money comes from, the kind of company it is.
Revenue · FY2025
$127M
+18.1% YoY · 16% 5-yr CAGR
Vital signs · FY2025, with 5-yr average
Revenue $127M 5-yr avg $100M
The business in brief
read the 10-K →What this business is and what moves its needle, from its own SEC filings.
- What moves the needle
- Net interest margin, loan losses, and book value. A lender is read on the quality of its balance sheet, not an earnings multiple, and the worst year of credit losses matters more than the best. On its own account, the filing leans hardest on pricing power & competition, set against the numbers in what the filing emphasizes, below.
- Is it a good business?
- Return on equity has hovered around the cost of equity (median 15%, above 12% in 4 of 6 years). It runs at a 53% efficiency ratio, lean. A bank that earns above its cost of equity through the cycle compounds book value; whether this one did it by underwriting discipline or by reaching for risk is what the 10-K, and the worst years in the record, will tell you.
Every line is arithmetic on the company's filings, shown in full in the sections below.
The record
Ten years of arithmetic, read across the cycle.
The record, 2020–2025
realized figures from each filing · older years to the left| 2020’20 | 2021’21 | 2022’22 | 2023’23 | 2024’24 | 2025’25 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income statement | ||||||
| $60M | $73M | $90M | $102M | $108M | $127M | RevenueRevenue |
| $49M | $60M | $78M | $88M | $92M | $104M | Net interest incomeNet int. |
| $11M | $12M | $12M | $13M | $16M | $23M | Noninterest incomeFee inc. |
| $5M | $2M | $10M | $8M | $8M | $8M | Credit-loss provisionProvision |
| $12M | $21M | $24M | $29M | $28M | $42M | Net incomeNet inc. |
| 20% | 20% | 20% | 21% | 20% | 19% | Effective tax rateTax rate |
| Cash flow & returns | ||||||
| 0.7% | 1.0% | 1.1% | 1.2% | 1.1% | 1.6% | Return on assetsROA |
| 9% | 12% | 18% | 18% | 15% | 15% | Return on equityROE |
| 6% | 9% | 14% | 15% | 12% | 12% | Retained to equityRetained/eq |
| 9% | 12% | 19% | 19% | 16% | 15% | Return on tangible equityROTCE |
| 67% | 60% | 56% | 56% | 61% | 53% | Efficiency ratioEffic. |
| Balance sheet | ||||||
| $1.7B | $2.1B | $2.3B | $2.5B | $2.5B | $2.7B | Total assetsAssets |
| $1.5B | $1.9B | $2.0B | $2.0B | $2.2B | $2.3B | DepositsDeposits |
| $5M | $5M | $5M | $5M | $5M | $5M | GoodwillGoodwill |
| $135M | $183M | $138M | $165M | $186M | $284M | Shareholders’ equityEquity |
| Per share | ||||||
| 9.0M | 9.9M | 11.2M | 11.3M | 11.3M | 12.5M | Shares out (diluted)Shares |
| $1.30 | $2.14 | $2.17 | $2.62 | $2.47 | $3.33 | EPS (diluted)EPS |
| $0.40 | $0.41 | $0.42 | $0.46 | $0.47 | $0.57 | Dividends / shareDiv/sh |
| $15.02 | $18.40 | $12.29 | $14.69 | $16.41 | $22.73 | Book value / shareBVPS |
| $14.21 | $17.69 | $11.69 | $14.11 | $15.87 | $22.26 | Tangible book / shareTBVPS |
Share counts before 2023 are restated ×2 for a stock split, so per-share figures sit on one basis.
Per-share growththe realized rate an owner's share compounded
| 5-yr | 5-yr | |
|---|---|---|
| Revenue / share | +8.8%/yr | +8.8%/yr |
| Owner earnings / share | +23.4%/yr | +23.4%/yr |
| EPS | +20.8%/yr | +20.8%/yr |
| Dividends / share | +7.4%/yr | +7.4%/yr |
| Capital spending / share | +21.3%/yr | +21.3%/yr |
| Book value / share | +8.6%/yr | +8.6%/yr |
The record, charted
FY2020–2025Each measure over its full record; the current point and the worst year marked. Share counts on the current split basis.
Revenue
$127Mlow FY2020
Quality & stewardship
Returns, the balance sheet, capital allocation, and pay.
Owner’s Scorecard
FY2025 10-K · source on SEC EDGAR →
Is it a good business?
- Return on equity 15%StrongNet income $42M ÷ equity $284MIndustry peers: median 11%
What this means
The bank's north star, what it earns on shareholders' capital. Cost of equity is roughly 10%, so a return durably above that builds value and below it destroys it. One year is noisy; the durability across a full credit cycle is what counts.
- SolidNet income ÷ (equity − goodwill $5M − intangibles $535K)Industry peers: median 11%
What this means
The cleaner return, stripping out the goodwill paid for past acquisitions. This is the number a buyer of the whole bank actually earns on the hard capital.
- Efficiency ratio 53%Low cost ratio (<58%)Noninterest expense $68M ÷ (net interest income + fees)Industry peers: median 58%
What this means
The share of revenue eaten by running costs; lower is better, and below about 60% marks a genuinely efficient operation. A low ratio held for years is the operational side of a moat.
Is it sound?
- Capital (equity / assets) 10.7%Well capitalizedEquity $284M ÷ assets $2.7B
What this means
A plain-English leverage read: how much of the balance sheet is the owners' own money. This is a rough proxy; the regulatory figure is the CET1 ratio, which is risk-weighted and reported in the filing. The point is the same, how much loss the bank can absorb before depositors are at risk.
- Deposit funding 87%Deposit-fundedDeposits $2.3B ÷ assets $2.7B
What this means
Low-cost, sticky deposits are a bank's real moat, the cheap raw material it lends out at a spread. A bank funded mostly by deposits earns more durably than one that rents its money in the wholesale market.
- Credit cost (provision / NII) 7%LowProvision for credit losses $8M ÷ net interest income $104M
What this means
What the bank set aside this year against loans going bad, as a share of its lending income. This swings hard with the cycle, low in good years and spiking in recessions, so read it across the record, not in one year. Disciplined underwriting shows up as low, stable provisions through a downturn.
Does AI threaten the moat?
Low contestabilityThe moat is physical, regulated or balance-sheet-funded, the kind AI cuts costs within but does not contest.
In its own filing Raised, but not as a competitor
The filing raises AI among its risks, but in other terms (security, regulation, energy or the like), not as a competitor to its product; it frames AI mainly as a capability.
AI is unlikely to contest a moat that is physical, regulated or balance-sheet-funded; here it reads more as a cost tool than a threat, and the company is using it that way.
Read from the filing's own risk factors, paired with the industry's structure under its SIC code; the durability is read above, the price below.
All figures as filed; the source filing is linked above.
Management, ownership & pay
read the proxy →From the proxy: how much of the business the people running it own, and how they are paid.
- Insider ownership8.2%
The stake all directors and executive officers hold together, per the 2026 proxy: skin in the game, the first thing Munger reads.
What an owner would ask, FY2025
read the 10-K →- Which reported numbers are a judgment call?Management names Income taxes, Credit & receivables as critical estimates
each rests partly on management's judgment; the filing's note sets out the assumptionsverify →
The questions the record and the charts do not answer on their own; each carries the figure and the place to look.
Peers, Banks
The same industry, side by side on the bank lens. Each figure is a through-cycle median, so a peak or trough year can’t distort it; the group median at the foot is the line to read each against.
| Company | Revenue | ROE | ROTCE | Efficiency | NII / assets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBANColony Bankcorp Inc. | $132M | 9% | 10% | 72% | 2.9% |
| UNTYUnity Bancorp Inc. | $132M | 15% | 15% | 48% | 3.5% |
| RBBRBB Bancorp | $129M | 10% | 11% | 47% | 3.0% |
| OBTOrange County Bancorp Inc. | $127M | 15% | 15% | 58% | 3.5% |
| RRBIRed River Bancshares Inc. | $126M | 11% | 11% | 58% | 2.8% |
| CZNCCitizens & Northern Corp | $123M | 9% | 10% | 65% | 3.3% |
| PCBPCB Bancorp | $116M | 11% | 11% | 53% | 3.6% |
| CZFSCitizens Financial Services Inc. | $112M | 12% | 15% | 58% | 3.1% |
| Group median | — | 11% | 11% | 58% | 3.2% |
The price
What a price has to assume.
What the price implies
price / tangible bookA bank is worth a multiple of its tangible book value, and the multiple it deserves is set by the return it earns on that book. Type today’s price; we show what you would be paying against what Orange County Bancorp Inc.’s record justifies.
$
The assumptions
Tangible book / share, delivered−11%/yr’20→’25
The justified multiple is (return on tangible equity − growth) ÷ (cost of equity − growth). A bank earning exactly its cost of equity is worth about one times tangible book; the premium above that prices each point of durable excess return. A higher cost of equity lowers the justified multiple for a bank.
Enter a price above to run it.
Price / tangible book—
Justified by the return—
Normalized return on tangible equity15%
Price / book—
Earnings yield—
P/E (3-yr avg ’23–’25)—
Graham’s price gate—
Graham applied the same standards to financial enterprises (Intelligent Investor ch.14): the 15× multiple cap on averaged earnings, and P/E times price-to-book at most 22.5. The gate marks the bargain-hunter’s floor, not a verdict.
A dated snapshot of the price you typed, the assumptions you set, and what the page showed for them. A snapshot is never edited after it is saved. Your notebook is yours alone — the commitment states what is stored and what we will never do.
Tangible book $278M on 13M shares, a 15% normalized return on it. The dials set the multiple such a return would justify; your price sets the multiple you are paying. It assumes the bank keeps earning that return; a credit cycle, a rate shock or a bad acquisition changes it, which is what the record and the 10-K are for.
Cite: Owner Scorecard, "Orange County Bancorp Inc. (OBT), the owner's record," https://ownerscorecard.com/c/OBT, data as of 2026-07-09.
Manual order: ← OBK its page in the Manual OC →
Industry order: ← OBK the Banks chapter OCFC →