Share count
1.4Bpeak FY2015
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AXIA, AXIA Energia
A regulated utility, earning a set return on the capital it sinks into its network.
The business
What it sells, where the money comes from, the kind of company it is.
Revenue · FY2024
R$40.2B
+8.1% YoY · 7% 5-yr CAGR
Vital signs · TTM, with 5-yr average
Revenue R$40.2B 5-yr avg R$34.3B
The business in brief
read the 10-K →What this business is and what moves its needle, from its own SEC filings.
- Situation
- Regulated utility. Returns are set by regulation on an approved rate base; the capital spending regulators approve becomes the growth, recovered through allowed rates. Cyclical. Margins collapse and recover repeatedly across the record; a single year, good or bad, misstates the through-cycle earning power.
- What moves the needle
- Operating margin has run about 28% through the cycle, a wide margin for the work it does — whether that reflects a durable edge or one that can fade is what the record weighs. The margin is cyclical, swinging between −33% and 62% over the years, so the through-cycle figure carries more than any single year — and the balance sheet at the trough more than the peak. The cash cycle has run negative through the cycle (a median of −75 days): the operation is paid before it pays, so working capital releases cash as the business grows rather than tying it up. Read this kind of business on rate base and the allowed return. On its own account, the filing leans hardest on pricing power & competition, set against the numbers in what the filing emphasizes, below.
- Is it a good business?
- Return on capital has rarely cleared the cost of capital (median 6%, above 15% in 0 of 10 years). By owner earnings: roughly 11% of revenue reaches owners as cash, though it swings, and customers and suppliers fund the business through negative working capital. The cycle and the balance sheet decide this one; the worst year tells more than the median, and the rest is in the 10-K.
Every line is arithmetic on the company's filings, shown in full in the sections below.
The record
Ten years of arithmetic, read across the cycle.
The record, 2015–2024
realized figures from each filing · older years to the left| 2015’15 | 2016’16 | 2017’17 | 2018’18 | 2019’19 | 2020’20 | 2021’21 | 2022’22 | 2023’23 | 2024’24 | TTMTTMDec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income statement | |||||||||||
| R$32.2B | R$50.4B | R$29.4B | R$26.2B | R$29.0B | R$25.4B | R$34.6B | R$34.1B | R$37.2B | R$40.2B | R$40.2B | RevenueRevenue |
| (R$10.5B) | R$16.8B | R$3.5B | R$16.4B | R$8.6B | R$6.2B | R$9.8B | R$5.2B | R$11.0B | R$19.6B | R$19.6B | Operating incomeOp. inc. |
| −32.5% | 33.4% | 12.0% | 62.4% | 29.6% | 24.4% | 28.3% | 15.2% | 29.6% | 48.8% | 48.8% | Operating marginOp. mgn |
| (R$11.4B) | R$3.4B | (R$1.8B) | R$14.5B | R$11.2B | R$6.3B | R$5.6B | R$3.6B | R$4.5B | R$10.4B | R$10.4B | Net incomeNet inc. |
| — | — | — | 15% | -6% | 6% | 48% | 16% | — | 2% | 2% | Effective tax rateTax rate |
| Cash flow & returns | |||||||||||
| R$6.5B | R$370M | R$694M | R$4.4B | R$779M | R$5.1B | R$7.0B | R$5.2B | R$8.2B | R$12.4B | R$12.4B | Operating cash flowOp. cash |
| R$1.8B | R$1.6B | R$1.5B | R$1.7B | R$1.8B | R$1.3B | R$1.4B | R$2.7B | R$3.6B | R$4.0B | R$3.6B | DepreciationDeprec. |
| R$16.1B | (R$4.6B) | R$934M | (R$11.8B) | (R$12.2B) | (R$2.5B) | (R$124M) | (R$1.1B) | R$64M | (R$2.0B) | (R$1.6B) | Working capital & otherWC & other |
| R$4.1B | R$1.6B | R$1.2B | R$1.1B | R$2.0B | R$926M | R$1.1B | R$1.6B | R$3.9B | R$3.1B | R$3.1B | CapexCapex |
| 12.9% | 3.3% | 4.1% | 4.3% | 6.7% | 3.6% | 3.1% | 4.7% | 10.4% | 7.7% | 7.7% | Capex / revenueCapex/rev |
| R$2.4B | (R$1.3B) | (R$512M) | R$3.2B | (R$1.2B) | R$4.2B | R$5.9B | R$3.6B | R$4.4B | R$9.3B | R$9.3B | Owner earningsOwner earn. |
| 7.4% | −2.5% | −1.7% | 12.3% | −4.0% | 16.5% | 17.0% | 10.6% | 11.8% | 23.1% | 23.1% | Owner earnings marginOE mgn |
| R$2.4B | (R$1.3B) | (R$512M) | R$3.2B | (R$1.2B) | R$4.2B | R$5.9B | R$3.6B | R$4.4B | R$9.3B | R$9.3B | Free cash flowFCF |
| 7.4% | −2.5% | −1.7% | 12.3% | −4.0% | 16.5% | 17.0% | 10.6% | 11.8% | 23.1% | 23.1% | Free cash flow marginFCF mgn |
| — | — | — | R$881M | — | — | R$3.7B | R$1.5B | R$864M | R$1.3B | R$1.3B | Dividends paidDiv. paid |
| -20% | 10% | 3% | 14% | 8% | 5% | 5% | 3% | 7% | 12% | 12% | ROICROIC |
| -27% | 8% | -4% | 26% | 16% | 9% | 7% | 3% | 4% | 9% | 9% | Return on equityROE |
| — | — | — | 25% | — | — | 2% | 2% | 3% | 7% | 7% | Retained to equityRetained/eq |
| Balance sheet | |||||||||||
| R$1.2B | R$327M | R$583M | R$583M | R$335M | R$193M | R$193M | R$10.7B | R$13.0B | R$26.6B | R$26.6B | Cash & investmentsCash+inv |
| — | R$4.4B | R$4.7B | R$4.1B | R$5.3B | R$6.0B | R$5.1B | R$4.8B | R$5.2B | R$5.9B | R$5.9B | ReceivablesReceiv. |
| — | R$541M | R$479M | R$380M | R$472M | R$510M | R$628M | R$429M | R$427M | R$441M | R$441M | InventoryInvent. |
| — | R$9.7B | R$10.4B | R$3.4B | R$3.1B | R$3.9B | R$4.0B | R$3.5B | R$3.0B | R$2.8B | R$2.8B | Accounts payablePayables |
| — | (R$4.7B) | (R$5.3B) | R$1.1B | R$2.7B | R$2.6B | R$1.7B | R$1.7B | R$2.7B | R$3.6B | R$3.6B | Operating working capitalOper. WC |
| — | R$29.3B | R$37.4B | R$47.0B | R$41.5B | R$44.8B | R$39.7B | R$49.6B | R$47.9B | R$64.5B | R$64.5B | Current assetsCur. assets |
| — | R$31.1B | R$34.2B | R$37.3B | R$26.3B | R$27.4B | R$23.9B | R$26.4B | R$27.2B | R$31.6B | R$31.6B | Current liabilitiesCur. liab. |
| — | 0.9× | 1.1× | 1.3× | 1.6× | 1.6× | 1.7× | 1.9× | 1.8× | 2.0× | 2.0× | Current ratioCurr. ratio |
| — | R$170.5B | R$173.0B | R$181.7B | R$178.6B | R$179.0B | R$188.3B | R$270.2B | R$267.1B | R$289.9B | R$289.9B | Total assetsAssets |
| — | R$39.8B | R$39.2B | R$42.7B | R$40.2B | R$35.6B | R$35.8B | R$53.2B | R$50.2B | R$63.9B | R$63.9B | Total debtDebt |
| — | R$39.5B | R$38.7B | R$42.2B | R$39.8B | R$35.4B | R$35.6B | R$42.5B | R$37.2B | R$37.3B | R$37.3B | Net debt / (cash)Net debt |
| — | — | 0.5× | 3.8× | 1.6× | 1.7× | 2.9× | 0.8× | 1.1× | 1.9× | 1.9× | Interest coverageInt. cov. |
| R$41.6B | R$44.2B | R$43.4B | R$55.2B | R$70.7B | R$73.5B | R$76.1B | R$110.5B | R$112.3B | R$121.9B | R$121.9B | Shareholders’ equityEquity |
| Per share | |||||||||||
| 1.35B | 1.35B | 1.35B | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.35B | Shares out (diluted)Shares |
| R$23.79 | R$37.26 | R$21.77 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | R$29.71 | Revenue / shareRev/sh |
| R$-8.43 | R$2.53 | R$-1.30 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | R$7.67 | EPS (diluted)EPS |
| R$1.76 | R$-0.94 | R$-0.38 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | R$6.87 | Owner earnings / shareOE/sh |
| R$1.76 | R$-0.94 | R$-0.38 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | R$6.87 | Free cash flow / shareFCF/sh |
| R$3.06 | R$1.21 | R$0.89 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | R$2.29 | Cap. spending / shareCapex/sh |
| R$30.74 | R$32.68 | R$32.06 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | R$90.09 | Book value / shareBVPS |
Per-share growththe realized rate an owner's share compounded
| 9-yr | 5-yr | |
|---|---|---|
| Revenue / share | −4.4%/yr (2-yr) | −4.4%/yr (2-yr) |
| Capital spending / share | −46.0%/yr (2-yr) | −46.0%/yr (2-yr) |
| Book value / share | +2.1%/yr (2-yr) | +2.1%/yr (2-yr) |
The record, charted
FY2015–2024Each measure over its full record; the current point and the worst year marked.
ROIC
12%low FY2015
Net debt ÷ owner earnings
4.0×peak FY2018
Owner earnings vs. net income
Owner earningsNet incomeThe accountant's number, and the cash an owner can take; the gap is the tell.
R$9.3Bowner earningsvs.R$10.4Bnet incomelow FY2016
Where the cash went
ReinvestBuybacksDividendsAcquisitionsRetainedEach year's operating cash, by what management did with it: the mix, and how it drifts.
FY2015FY2024
Net income is the accountant's number; owner earnings is the cash an owner could take out. The walk between them, off the cash-flow statement, and whether the gap is widening or holding.
In fiscal 2024 the business reported R$10.4B of profit but R$9.3B of owner earnings: R$1.1B less than the profit line, taken out by capital spending and the timing of cash.
| FY2024 | FY2023 | FY2022 | FY2021 | FY2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reported net income | R$10.4B | R$4.5B | R$3.6B | R$5.6B | R$6.3B |
| Depreciation & amortizationnon-cash charge added back | +R$4.0B | +R$3.6B | +R$2.7B | +R$1.4B | +R$1.3B |
| Working capital & othertiming of cash in and out, other non-cash items | −R$2.0B | +R$64M | −R$1.1B | −R$124M | −R$2.5B |
| Cash from operations | R$12.4B | R$8.2B | R$5.2B | R$7.0B | R$5.1B |
| Capital expenditurecash put back in to keep running and to grow | −R$3.1B | −R$3.9B | −R$1.6B | −R$1.1B | −R$926M |
| Owner earnings | R$9.3B | R$4.4B | R$3.6B | R$5.9B | R$4.2B |
| Owner-earnings marginowner earnings ÷ revenue | 23% | 12% | 11% | 17% | 17% |
Owner earnings is the cash an owner could pull out without starving the business: operating cash less the capital it must spend to hold its position .
Maintenance capex is estimated as depreciation where a growing business invests above it; free cash flow is the figure the scorecard's free-cash margin reads.
Quality & stewardship
Returns, the balance sheet, capital allocation, and pay.
Owner’s Scorecard
FY2024 20-F · source on SEC EDGAR →
Will it survive?
- ThinOperating income R$19.6B ÷ interest expense R$10.1B
What this means
Operating profit covers interest, but with little room. A bad year, a refinancing at higher rates, or a revenue wobble closes the gap fast.
- How heavy is the debt, net of cash? R$37.3B · 1.9× operating profitModest net debtCash R$26.6B − debt R$63.9B
What this means
Netting R$26.6B of cash and short-term investments against R$63.9B of debt leaves R$37.3B owed, about 1.9× a year's operating profit (3.3× on the gross debt, before the cash). Net debt is the leverage figure that matters: the cash is already set against the debt. Strategic or illiquid investments aren't counted here.
- Negative, funded by othersDSO 54 + DIO 17 − DPO 104 days
What this means
Days cash is tied up between paying suppliers and collecting from customers. A negative cycle is a quiet moat: suppliers and customers fund the operation (Buffett's “float”), the company grows on other people's money.
Is it a good business?
- Below average through the cycle10-yr median, range -20%–14%; 12% latest = NOPAT R$19.2B ÷ invested capital R$159.2BIndustry peers: median 6%
What this means
The rate the business earns on the money tied up in it, Buffett's north star, because over time a stock tracks the ROIC beneath it. Above ~15% sustained hints at a moat; a return below the cost of capital (~8%) erodes value as a business grows rather than building it — the test Buffett weighs most. The headline is the median of the last 10 years (it ran 12% most recently), so one peak or trough year doesn't set the verdict. Asset-light businesses (R&D expensed, little capital) read artificially high, pair this with Owner Earnings.
- Solid through the cycle10-yr median margin, range -4%–23%; latest R$9.3B = operating cash R$12.4B − maintenance capex R$3.1BIndustry peers: median 11%
What this means
What an owner could take out without starving the business: operating cash less the maintenance capital it must spend to hold its position — Buffett's owner earnings. That's 23% of revenue this year, a 11% median across 10 years.
- Cash-backedCash from ops R$12.4B ÷ net income R$10.4B
What this means
How much of reported profit showed up as operating cash. Above 1× is reassuring; well below suggests earnings lean on accruals. One year is noisy, growth and working-capital swings distort it, and this is operating cash, not free cash. Watch the multi-year trend.
How is the cash used?
- Reinvests most of itDividends + buybacks R$1.4B ÷ Owner Earnings R$9.3B
What this means
Of R$9.3B Owner Earnings, R$1.4B (15%) went back to shareholders, R$1.3B dividends, R$115M buybacks. Returning most of it is the mark of a mature business with little left to reinvest at a high return; reinvesting most could mean a long runway, or empire-building. The split doesn't say which; the return earned on it (see ROIC) does.
- Investing or harvesting? 0.86×MaintainingCapex R$3.1B ÷ depreciation R$3.6B
What this means
Descriptive, not a grade. Above ~1× means investing faster than assets wear out (growth, or, sustained for years, today's earnings carrying less depreciation than tomorrow's will). Below means spending less than it's wearing out (efficiency, or a melting asset base). The ratio won't tell you which; the filings will.
Graham’s defensive tests · 1 of 4 met
Graham’s numerical criteria for the defensive investor (The Intelligent Investor, ch. 14), run on the filings. A floor of safety, not a buy signal; many fine modern businesses fail his strictest liquidity rules by design.
- Adequate size —Revenue ≥ $2B (a dollar floor) · R$40.2B
What this means
Big enough to weather a storm. Graham's floor is a dollar figure — about $2B of revenue as a conservative modern stand-in. This company reports in its home currency and we carry no exchange rate, so we show the figure and leave the size bar for you to apply rather than convert it with a number we don't have.
- Strong liquidity PassCurrent ratio ≥ 2× · 2.04×
What this means
Current assets at least twice current liabilities, near-term bills covered without touching the business. Strict by design: many cash-rich modern firms run leaner and miss it, holding their cushion in longer-dated securities.
- Conservative debt MissDebt ≤ working capital · R$63.9B vs R$32.8B WC
What this means
Graham's rule that borrowings not exceed net current assets. Capital-heavy and buyback-heavy firms routinely fail it, read it next to interest coverage, not alone.
- Earnings stability MissA profit every year (10-yr record) · 2 loss years
What this means
Graham wanted earnings in each of the past ten years, the stability a defensive owner leans on.
- Dividend record MissUninterrupted dividends · 5 of 10 yrs
What this means
An unbroken dividend was Graham's mark of durability. He wanted twenty years; the filings show about ten, and a single suspension breaks the streak. Non-payers, many fine modern compounders, fall outside his defensive net by design.
- Earnings growth —Earnings +33% over the record · —
What this means
Earnings were negative early in the record, a growth rate isn't meaningful.
- Moderate price —P/E ≤ 15 and P/E × P/B ≤ 22.5 · decided by the price
What this means
Graham's valuation gate, the wall he kept between a sound business and a sound investment. Three-year average earnings are R$3.13/share (latest year R$5.25), the averaged base the calculator's gate runs on, and book value is R$61.69/share. Enter a price in “What the price implies” just below for the P/E, P/B, and whether it clears. But this is the rule Buffett outgrew: there's no hard P/E law, and a wonderful business can deserve a far richer multiple if the thesis holds, treat it as the bargain-hunter's floor, not a verdict on the price.
Durability & moat, 2015–2024
Whether the record’s returns held, and what the capital reinvested earned.
- Profitable years 8 of 10
What this means
Lost money in 2 year(s), look at what happened there before trusting the average.
- Return on capital ≥ 15% 0 of 9 yrs
What this means
A moat shows up as a high return on invested capital that holds year after year, not one good vintage.
- Operating margin 4% → 31% (3-yr avg ends)
In the filing’s words The margin widened even though the filing names price competition — the gain came from volume or cost, not pricing power. Read where.
What this means
Through the cycle the operating margin widened — about 4% early to 31% lately, median 28% — pricing power intact or improving.
- Reinvestment, incremental ROIC 16%
What this means
Every extra dollar the business reinvested came back at a high incremental return — the lens GBM read for a moat that reinvests rather than merely harvests. The record and the 10-K are where you check whether the rate holds.
- Owner earnings growth +32%/yr
What this means
Owner earnings grew about 32% a year over the record.
- Worst year 2015 · −32.5% op. margin
What this means
Operations went underwater in 2015, understand why before trusting the good years.
- Share count +0.0%/yr
What this means
Roughly flat share count, little dilution, little buyback.
- Dividend record rising
What this means
Paid and raised the dividend across the record, the continuity Graham prized.
- How management talks about it Owner’s terms
What this means
The record and the register agree: capital is compounding and the filing reasons in an owner’s terms — per-share value, return on capital, the long term — not a promoter’s.
Does AI threaten the moat?
Low contestabilityThe moat is physical, regulated or balance-sheet-funded, the kind AI cuts costs within but does not contest.
In its own filing Raised, but not as a competitor
The filing raises AI among its risks, but in other terms (security, regulation, energy or the like), not as a competitor to its product; it frames AI mainly as a capability.
AI is unlikely to contest a moat that is physical, regulated or balance-sheet-funded; here it reads more as a cost tool than a threat, and the company is using it that way.
Read from the filing's own risk factors, paired with the industry's structure under its SIC code; the durability is read above, the price below.
All figures as filed; the source filing is linked above.
Current Position
as of fiscal year-end, Dec 31, 2024Can the business pay what it owes this year, off the freshest balance sheet: the quality of the assets, the debt actually coming due, and what a low ratio means here.
Current assetsR$64.5B
- Cash & short-term investmentsR$26.6B
- ReceivablesR$5.9B
- InventoryR$441M
- Other current assetsR$31.5B
Current liabilitiesR$31.6B
- Debt due within a yearR$1.1B
- Accounts payableR$2.8B
- Other current liabilitiesR$27.8B
Current ratio2.04×all current assets ÷ what's due · Graham looked for 2×
Quick ratio2.02×stricter: inventory excluded
Cash ratio0.84×strictest: cash alone against what's due
Working capitalR$32.8Bthe cushion left after near-term bills
Debt due this year vs. cashR$1.1B due · R$26.6B cash
covered by cash on hand, no refinancing forced · both figures from the Dec 31, 2024 balance sheet
Deeper floors
Tangible book valueR$43.7Bequity stripped of goodwill & intangibles
Net current asset value(R$66.5B)Graham's net-net: current assets less all liabilities
Debt incl. operating leasesR$64.7BR$753M of it operating leases
From the company's latest filing.
How the cash was used, 2015–2024
Over the record, the business generated R$50.6B of operating cash; how management split it reads as a cash builder, a large share of cash simply built up on the balance sheet.
- ReinvestedR$20.6B · 41%
- DividendsR$8.3B · 16%
- BuybacksR$2.1B · 4%
- Retained (debt / cash)R$19.6B · 39%
- Returned to ownersR$10.4B
35% of the owner earnings the business produced over the span, R$8.3B as dividends and R$2.1B as buybacks.
- Source of fundingOperating cash
Operating cash covered reinvestment and returns; over the span cash and short-term investments rose R$25.3B.
- Average price paid for buybacks—
Buybacks ran R$2.1B over the span, but the filings don't tag the share count needed to deduce the average price paid.
- Net change in share count0.0%
The diluted count barely moved (1353M to 1353M): buybacks roughly offset the stock issued to staff.
- Dividend recordPays
Paid in 5 of the years on record. It was never cut over the span.
- Return on what it retained15%
Of the earnings it kept rather than paid out (R$36.1B over the span), annual owner earnings (first three years vs last three) grew R$5.6B, so each retained R$1 added about 0.15 of yearly owner earnings. Buffett's test, run on owner earnings instead of market value.
Buybacks are gross of stock issued to staff; the share-count line above is the net of that, the figure that decides whether owners gained. The average price paid blends a year of purchases (and any accelerated repurchase), so it is close, not exact. The record of where the cash went and on what terms.
Inverting the record
Invert: instead of why AXIA Energia is a good business, the question is what would make owning it a mistake, and whether those marks are in the record. Disconfirming tests across 2015–2024.
None of the 3 tests turned up a mark; each came back clean. A clean panel says only that these particular ways of being wrong are not written into the record.
Each test came back clean
- Is it less profitable than it was?
- Did the share count rise anyway?
- Did reported profit become cash?
Each test is read from the filings and is noisy alone; a flag can mark a cyclical trough or a year of heavy investment as easily as a problem. The filing says which.
Peers, Electric Utilities
The same industry, side by side on owner economics. Each figure is a through-cycle median, so a peak or trough year can’t distort it; the group median at the foot is the line to read each against.
| Company | Revenue | Gross margin | Op. margin | ROIC | Owner earn. margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AXIAAXIA Energia | R$40.2B | 76% | 28.9% | 6% | 11% |
| NRGNRG Energy | $30.3B | 24% | 7.6% | 13% | 9% |
| SOSouthern Company (The) | $29.6B | — | 22.8% | 6% | 12% |
| NEENextEra Energy Inc. | $27.4B | — | 28.2% | 6% | — |
| CEGConstellation Energy | $22.7B | — | 5.0% | 8% | -17% |
| AEPAmerican Electric Power Company Inc. | $21.7B | — | 19.2% | 6% | 26% |
| EIXEdison International | $19.3B | — | 13.1% | 4% | 7% |
| VSTVistra | $17.6B | — | 10.8% | 7% | 17% |
| Group median | — | — | 16.1% | 6% | 11% |
The price
What a price has to assume.
What the price implies
reverse-DCFEnter the US price, in dollars: the NYSE/Nasdaq quote you hold. Per the filing's own cover, “American Depositary Shares, evidenced by American Depositary Receipts, each representing one Common”; AXIA Energia reports in BRL, so every figure in this tool is stated per ADS and translated at BRL 1 = $0.197 (2026-07-17, reference rate) so your dollar quote reconciles exactly. The record tables elsewhere on this page remain as filed, in BRL.
Type today's close and see the owner-earnings growth you'd have to believe to justify it, beside what AXIA Energia has delivered.
AXIA Energia’s latest year runs above its own through-cycle margin — the reported figure may flatter a peak. So the tool opens on the through-cycle base, Graham’s averaging cutting both ways; clear the toggle below to read the latest year exactly as reported.
$
Through the cycle, AXIA Energia earns about $884M on its 11.2% median owner-earnings margin. This year’s 23.1% margin runs above that; the reported figure may flatter a peak you'd be paying on. Normalize, below, values the price on that through-cycle figure rather than the latest year. It comes pre-checked here for that reason, the same rule that already normalizes a trough; clear it to price the year as filed.
Base
—
The assumptions
9.0% = the 4.55% 10-year Treasury (Jul 15, 2026) + 4.45 points of equity premium. The rate you require is yours to set.
Enter a price above to run it.
A dated snapshot of the price you typed, the assumptions you set, and what the page showed for them. A snapshot is never edited after it is saved. Your notebook is yours alone — the commitment states what is stored and what we will never do.
Implied by the price—
Owner-earnings growth · ’20→’24+8%/yr
Owner-earnings growth · ’15→’24+32%/yr
Owner-earnings growth · ’15→’24+32%/yr
Owner-earnings yield—
What a growth belief costs, in multiples
The growth each return requires, at your price
P/E (3-yr earnings ’22–’24)—
P/B—
Graham’s price gate—
Graham capped the multiple at 15×; Buffett and Munger let that rule go: a wonderful business can deserve 50× if the thesis holds. The gate marks the bargain-hunter's floor.
Against a high-grade bond: Graham’s yardstick bond yield%
Prefilled with the 10-year Treasury (4.55%, as of Jul 15, 2026). Edit it for today’s exact figure, or a AAA corporate yield.
Graham measured a stock against the bond you could own instead, the heart of his margin of safety. Enter a price above to weigh the owner-earnings yield against this bond.
Owner-earnings yield—
High-grade bond yield—
Margin over the bond—
Owner earnings $1.8B on 1975M shares outstanding (a weighted cover-text, the only count this filer tags); net debt $7.3B. The base opens on the through-cycle figure (the latest year sits above the record’s own median, and Graham’s averaging cuts both ways); clear Normalize to use the year as filed. Net of stock comp treats option pay as the expense it is. The dials set the multiple a growth belief justifies; the price, and every dollar on this page, is yours.
Cite: Owner Scorecard, "AXIA Energia (AXIA), the owner's record," https://ownerscorecard.com/c/AXIA, data as of 2026-07-09.
Manual order: ← AXG its page in the Manual AZ →
Industry order: ← AQNB the Electric Utilities chapter BEP →