Owner Scorecard


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BUD, Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV

We use different distribution networks in the markets in which we operate, as appropriate, based on the structure of the local retail sectors, local geographic considerations, scale considerations, regulatory requirements, market share and the expected added-value and capital returns.

Strong, well-recognized brands that attract and retain consumers, for which consumers are willing to pay a premium, are critical to our efforts to maintain and increase market share and benefit from high margins.

Principal Activities and Products" for further information regarding our brands.

Latest annual: FY2025 20-F · 1 ADS = 1 ordinary share
BUD · Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV
I

The business

What it sells, where the money comes from, the kind of company it is.

Revenue · FY2025
$59.3B
−0.7% YoY · 5% 5-yr CAGR
Vital signs · TTM, with 5-yr average
Revenue $59.3B 5-yr avg $58.1B
Gross margin 56% 5-yr avg 55%
Operating margin 26.0% 5-yr avg 25.2%
Owner-earnings margin 19% 5-yr avg 17%
Free cash flow margin 19% 5-yr avg 17%

The business in brief

read the 10-K →

What this business is and what moves its needle, from its own SEC filings.

What it is
Revenue is Beer Business (89%) and Non Beer Business (11%).
What moves the needle
Gross margin has run about 57% and operating margin about 26% through the cycle, a wide spread between price and the cost of what it sells — whether that advantage is durable pricing power or a margin that can erode is the question the record is for. The cash cycle has run negative through the cycle (a median of −287 days): the operation is paid before it pays, so working capital releases cash as the business grows rather than tying it up. On its own account, the filing leans hardest on supplier & input dependence, set against the numbers in what the filing emphasizes, below.

Every line is arithmetic on the company's filings, shown in full in the sections below.

Where the money comes from

read the 20-F →

Beer Business is 89% of revenue, with Non Beer Business the other meaningful segment at 11%.

Revenue by reportable segment, FY2025
  • Beer Business89%$53.0B
  • Non Beer Business11%$6.3B

From the segment footnote of the company's own 20-F. Shares are of total revenue; the profit bar shows each segment's share of segment operating profit, before unallocated corporate costs.

II

The record

Ten years of arithmetic, read across the cycle.

The record, 2016–2025

realized figures from each filing · older years to the left
2016’162017’172018’182019’192020’202021’212022’222023’232024’242025’25TTMTTMDec 2025
Income statement
$45.5B$54.9B$53.0B$52.3B$46.9B$54.3B$57.8B$59.4B$59.8B$59.3B$59.3BRevenueRevenue
61%62%62%61%58%57%54%54%55%56%56%Gross marginGross mgn
$12.9B$16.5B$16.4B$16.1B$9.6B$13.8B$14.5B$14.0B$15.5B$15.4B$15.4BOperating incomeOp. inc.
28.3%30.0%30.9%30.8%20.5%25.5%25.1%23.5%25.9%26.0%26.0%Operating marginOp. mgn
$1.2B$8.0B$4.4B$9.2B$1.4B$4.7B$6.0B$5.3B$5.9B$6.8B$6.8BNet incomeNet inc.
57%17%37%23%58%33%24%29%35%29%29%Effective tax rateTax rate
Cash flow & returns
$10.1B$14.9B$15.1B$14.0B$10.9B$14.8B$13.3B$13.3B$15.1B$14.9B$14.9BOperating cash flowOp. cash
$3.5B$4.6B$4.6B$4.7B$4.8B$5.1B$5.1B$5.4B$5.5B$5.7B$5.7BDepreciationDeprec.
$5.4B$2.3B$6.1B$208M$4.7B$5.1B$2.3B$2.5B$3.7B$2.4B$2.4BWorking capital & otherWC & other
$5.0B$4.7B$5.0B$5.2B$3.8B$5.6B$5.2B$4.6B$3.9B$3.7B$3.7BCapexCapex
10.9%8.5%9.4%9.9%8.1%10.4%8.9%7.8%6.5%6.2%6.2%Capex / revenueCapex/rev
$6.6B$10.2B$10.1B$8.9B$7.1B$9.2B$8.1B$8.6B$11.2B$11.2B$11.2BOwner earningsOwner earn.
14.6%18.7%19.0%16.9%15.2%16.9%14.1%14.5%18.7%18.9%18.9%Owner earnings marginOE mgn
$5.1B$10.2B$10.1B$8.9B$7.1B$9.2B$8.1B$8.6B$11.2B$11.2B$11.2BFree cash flowFCF
11.3%18.7%19.0%16.9%15.2%16.9%14.1%14.5%18.7%18.9%18.9%Free cash flow marginFCF mgn
$8.4B$9.3B$7.8B$5.0B$1.8B$2.4B$2.4B$3.0B$2.7B$4.5B$4.5BDividends paidDiv. paid
$0$0$362M$937M$2.3BBuybacksBuybacks
2%11%7%12%2%7%8%7%7%8%8%Return on equityROE
−10%−2%−5%5%−1%3%5%3%4%3%3%Retained to equityRetained/eq
Balance sheet
$8.6B$10.5B$7.1B$7.2B$15.3B$12.1B$10.0B$10.3B$11.2B$11.6B$11.6BCash & investmentsCash+inv
$6.4B$6.6B$6.4B$6.2B$4.8B$5.0B$5.3B$6.0B$5.3B$6.2B$6.2BReceivablesReceiv.
$3.9B$4.1B$4.2B$4.4B$4.5B$5.4B$6.6B$5.6B$5.0B$5.1B$5.1BInventoryInvent.
$23.1B$24.8B$22.6B$22.9B$23.0B$25.4B$26.3B$26.0B$23.8B$25.5B$25.5BAccounts payablePayables
($12.8B)($14.1B)($12.0B)($12.3B)($13.7B)($15.0B)($14.4B)($14.4B)($13.5B)($14.2B)($14.2B)Operating working capitalOper. WC
$43.0B$24.0B$18.3B$28.8B$26.5B$23.9B$23.2B$23.4B$23.0B$24.8B$24.8BCurrent assetsCur. assets
$40.4B$36.6B$34.8B$34.8B$32.4B$34.2B$34.4B$37.2B$33.1B$34.5B$34.5BCurrent liabilitiesCur. liab.
1.1×0.7×0.5×0.8×0.8×0.7×0.7×0.6×0.7×0.7×0.7×Current ratioCurr. ratio
$136.5B$140.9B$133.3B$128.1B$121.0B$115.8B$113.0B$117.0B$110.5B$117.9B$117.9BGoodwillGoodwill
$256.6B$248.2B$233.9B$236.6B$226.4B$217.6B$212.9B$219.3B$206.6B$218.8B$218.8BTotal assetsAssets
1.4×2.3×1.8×2.7×1.1×2.3×2.5×2.3×2.4×3.0×3.0×Interest coverageInt. cov.
$71.3B$72.6B$64.5B$75.7B$68.0B$68.7B$73.4B$81.8B$78.2B$87.3B$87.3BShareholders’ equityEquity
Per share
2.02B2.02B2.02B2.02B2.02B2.02B2.02B2.02B2.02B2.02B2.02BShares out (diluted)Shares
$22.54$27.17$26.27$25.92$23.22$26.90$28.62$29.41$29.60$29.38$29.38Revenue / shareRev/sh
$0.61$3.96$2.16$4.54$0.70$2.31$2.96$2.65$2.90$3.39$3.39EPS (diluted)EPS
$3.29$5.07$4.98$4.39$3.52$4.54$4.03$4.27$5.54$5.56$5.56Owner earnings / shareOE/sh
$2.54$5.07$4.98$4.39$3.52$4.54$4.03$4.27$5.54$5.56$5.56Free cash flow / shareFCF/sh
$4.19$4.59$3.84$2.48$0.89$1.17$1.21$1.49$1.32$2.25$2.25Dividends / shareDiv/sh
$2.47$2.32$2.48$2.56$1.87$2.79$2.56$2.30$1.91$1.81$1.81Cap. spending / shareCapex/sh
$35.33$35.95$31.94$37.50$33.69$34.01$36.35$40.54$38.75$43.23$43.23Book value / shareBVPS
Per-share growththe realized rate an owner's share compounded
9-yr5-yr
Revenue / share+3.0%/yr+4.8%/yr
Owner earnings / share+6.0%/yr+9.6%/yr
EPS+20.9%/yr+37.2%/yr
Dividends / share−6.7%/yr+20.3%/yr
Capital spending / share−3.4%/yr−0.7%/yr
Book value / share+2.3%/yr+5.1%/yr

The record, charted

FY2016–2025

Each measure over its full record; the current point and the worst year marked.

Share count
2Bpeak FY2016
Gross margin
56%low FY2023

Owner earnings vs. net income

Owner earningsNet income

The accountant's number, and the cash an owner can take; the gap is the tell.

$11.2Bowner earningsvs.$6.8Bnet incomelow FY2016

Where the cash went

ReinvestBuybacksDividendsAcquisitionsRetained

Each year's operating cash, by what management did with it: the mix, and how it drifts.

FY2016FY2025

Net income is the accountant's number; owner earnings is the cash an owner could take out. The walk between them, off the cash-flow statement, and whether the gap is widening or holding.

In fiscal 2025 the business turned $6.8B of profit into $11.2B of owner earnings: more cash than the profit line showed, after the non-cash charges and the capital it put back in.

Reported net income$6.8B
Owner earnings$11.2B · 19% of revenue
FY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021
Reported net income$6.8B$5.9B$5.3B$6.0B$4.7B
Depreciation & amortizationnon-cash charge added back+$5.7B+$5.5B+$5.4B+$5.1B+$5.1B
Working capital & othertiming of cash in and out, other non-cash items+$2.4B+$3.7B+$2.5B+$2.3B+$5.1B
Cash from operations$14.9B$15.1B$13.3B$13.3B$14.8B
Capital expenditurecash put back in to keep running and to grow−$3.7B−$3.9B−$4.6B−$5.2B−$5.6B
Owner earnings$11.2B$11.2B$8.6B$8.1B$9.2B
Owner-earnings marginowner earnings ÷ revenue19%19%15%14%17%

Owner earnings is the cash an owner could pull out without starving the business: operating cash less the capital it must spend to hold its position .

Maintenance capex is estimated as depreciation where a growing business invests above it; free cash flow is the figure the scorecard's free-cash margin reads.

III

Quality & stewardship

Returns, the balance sheet, capital allocation, and pay.

Owner’s Scorecard

FY2025 20-F · source on SEC EDGAR →

Will it survive?

  • Adequate
    Operating income $15.4B ÷ interest expense $5.1B
    What this means

    Comfortable in a normal year, but below the margin of safety Graham looked for. Worth checking how stable the coverage has been across a full cycle.

  • Debt under-captured — leverage unknown, not low
    What this means

    This company pays far more interest than its tagged debt implies (the rest sits under segment dimensions the data source strips), so its net cash or net debt cannot be read honestly: the gap is unknown, not zero, and 'net cash' here would be exactly the fiction the figure is meant to prevent. Judge it on the record and owner earnings instead.

  • Negative, funded by others
    DSO 38 + DIO 71 − DPO 355 days
    What this means

    Days cash is tied up between paying suppliers and collecting from customers. A negative cycle is a quiet moat: suppliers and customers fund the operation (Buffett's “float”), the company grows on other people's money.

Is it a good business?

  • Debt under-captured
    Industry peers: median 10%
    What this means

    This company's interest bill implies far more debt than its filings tag at the consolidated level (the rest sits under segment dimensions the data source strips), so invested capital, and the return on it, cannot be read honestly. Judge this one on Owner Earnings and the record instead.

  • High through the cycle
    10-yr median margin, range 14%–19%; latest $11.2B = operating cash $14.9B − maintenance capex $3.7B
    Industry peers: median 9%
    What this means

    What an owner could take out without starving the business: operating cash less the maintenance capital it must spend to hold its position — Buffett's owner earnings. That's 19% of revenue this year, a 17% median across 10 years.

  • Cash-backed
    Cash from ops $14.9B ÷ net income $6.8B
    What this means

    How much of reported profit showed up as operating cash. Above 1× is reassuring; well below suggests earnings lean on accruals. One year is noisy, growth and working-capital swings distort it, and this is operating cash, not free cash. Watch the multi-year trend.

How is the cash used?

  • Returns about half
    Dividends + buybacks $6.8B ÷ Owner Earnings $11.2B
    What this means

    Of $11.2B Owner Earnings, $6.8B (61%) went back to shareholders, $4.5B dividends, $2.3B buybacks. Returning most of it is the mark of a mature business with little left to reinvest at a high return; reinvesting most could mean a long runway, or empire-building. The split doesn't say which; the return earned on it (see ROIC) does.

  • Investing or harvesting? 0.65×
    Harvesting
    Capex $3.7B ÷ depreciation $5.7B
    What this means

    Descriptive, not a grade. Above ~1× means investing faster than assets wear out (growth, or, sustained for years, today's earnings carrying less depreciation than tomorrow's will). Below means spending less than it's wearing out (efficiency, or a melting asset base). The ratio won't tell you which; the filings will.

Graham’s defensive tests · 3 of 5 met

Graham’s numerical criteria for the defensive investor (The Intelligent Investor, ch. 14), run on the filings. A floor of safety, not a buy signal; many fine modern businesses fail his strictest liquidity rules by design.

  • Adequate size Pass
    Revenue ≥ $2B · $59.3B
    What this means

    Big enough to weather a storm. Graham's 1972 floor was ~$100M of sales (≈ $700M today); we use a $2B revenue line as a conservative modern stand-in.

  • Strong liquidity Miss
    Current ratio ≥ 2× · 0.72×
    What this means

    Current assets at least twice current liabilities, near-term bills covered without touching the business. Strict by design: many cash-rich modern firms run leaner and miss it, holding their cushion in longer-dated securities.

  • Conservative debt
    Debt ≤ working capital ·
    What this means

    The filings tag only a fraction of the debt this company's interest bill implies (much of it sits under segment dimensions the data source strips), so this test can't be run honestly.

  • Earnings stability Pass
    A profit every year (10-yr record) · no losses
    What this means

    Graham wanted earnings in each of the past ten years, the stability a defensive owner leans on.

  • Dividend record Pass
    Uninterrupted dividends · paid every year (10)
    What this means

    An unbroken dividend was Graham's mark of durability. He wanted twenty years; the filings show about ten, and a single suspension breaks the streak. Non-payers, many fine modern compounders, fall outside his defensive net by design.

  • Earnings growth Near
    Earnings +33% over the record · +33%
    What this means

    At least a third more earnings than a decade ago, averaging three years at each end. Net income (not per-share), so stock splits don't distort it, buybacks and dilution show up in the share-count line instead.

  • Moderate price
    P/E ≤ 15 and P/E × P/B ≤ 22.5 · decided by the price
    What this means

    Graham's valuation gate, the wall he kept between a sound business and a sound investment. Three-year average earnings are $3.34/share (latest year $3.80), the averaged base the calculator's gate runs on, and book value is $48.57/share. Enter a price in “What the price implies” just below for the P/E, P/B, and whether it clears. But this is the rule Buffett outgrew: there's no hard P/E law, and a wonderful business can deserve a far richer multiple if the thesis holds, treat it as the bargain-hunter's floor, not a verdict on the price.

Durability & moat, 2016–2025

Whether the record’s returns held, and what the capital reinvested earned.

  • Profitable years 10 of 10
    What this means

    Never lost money over the record, the earnings stability Graham insisted on.

  • Operating margin 30% → 25% (3-yr avg ends)

    In the filing’s words The filing attributes gains to higher prices, but the margin in the record has not followed — the claim outruns the result here.

    What this means

    Through the cycle the operating margin slipped — about 30% early to 25% lately, median 26% — competition or costs are biting in.

  • Owner earnings growth +3%/yr
    What this means

    Owner earnings grew about 3% a year over the record.

  • Worst year 2020 · 20.5% op. margin
    What this means

    Stayed profitable even in its hardest year, the resilience that survives recessions.

  • Share count +0.0%/yr
    What this means

    Roughly flat share count, little dilution, little buyback.

  • Dividend record paid
    What this means

    Paid a dividend in 10 of the years on record.

Does AI threaten the moat?

Low contestability

The moat is physical, regulated or balance-sheet-funded, the kind AI cuts costs within but does not contest.

AI is unlikely to contest a moat that is physical, regulated or balance-sheet-funded; here it reads more as a cost tool than a threat.

Read from the filing's own risk factors, paired with the industry's structure under its SIC code; the durability is read above, the price below.

All figures as filed; the source filing is linked above.

Current Position

as of fiscal year-end, Dec 31, 2025

Can the business pay what it owes this year, off the freshest balance sheet: the quality of the assets, the debt actually coming due, and what a low ratio means here.

Current assets$24.8B
  • Cash & short-term investments$11.6B
  • Receivables$6.2B
  • Inventory$5.1B
  • Other current assets$1.9B
Current liabilities$34.5B
  • Debt due within a year$5.4B
  • Accounts payable$25.5B
  • Other current liabilities$3.6B
Current ratio0.72×all current assets ÷ what's due · Graham looked for 2×
Quick ratio0.57×stricter: inventory excluded
Cash ratio0.34×strictest: cash alone against what's due
Working capital($9.7B)the cushion left after near-term bills

Its current ratio is below 1, which usually reads as strain; here it is likely structural strength. This business collects from customers before it pays suppliers (a negative cash-conversion cycle), so the balance sheet is funded by that float, the way Costco's and Amazon's are. The low ratio can be the edge, not the risk; the cash-conversion cycle and the debt due above say which.

Debt due this year vs. cash$5.4B due · $11.6B cash covered by cash on hand, no refinancing forced · both figures from the Dec 31, 2025 balance sheet
Deeper floors
Tangible book value($72.6B)equity stripped of goodwill & intangibles
Debt incl. operating leases$7.4B$2.0B of it operating leases

From the company's latest filing.

How the cash was used, 2016–2025

Over the record, the business generated $136.3B of operating cash; how management split it reads as a balanced allocator, splitting cash between the business, owners, and the balance sheet.

  • Reinvested$46.6B · 34%
  • Dividends$47.3B · 35%
  • Buybacks$3.6B · 3%
  • Retained (debt / cash)$38.8B · 28%
  • Returned to owners$50.9B

    56% of the owner earnings the business produced over the span, $47.3B as dividends and $3.6B as buybacks.

  • Average price paid for buybacks

    Buybacks ran $3.6B over the span, but the filings don't tag the share count needed to deduce the average price paid.

  • Net change in share count0.0%

    The diluted count barely moved (2019M to 2019M): buybacks roughly offset the stock issued to staff.

  • Dividend record$2.25/sh

    Paid in 10 of the years on record, the per-share dividend shrinking about 7% a year. It was cut at least once along the way.

  • Return on what it retained

    Not read here: owner earnings are negative over the span, or the company returned nearly all its earnings rather than retaining them, so there is too little retained to measure a return on.

Buybacks are gross of stock issued to staff; the share-count line above is the net of that, the figure that decides whether owners gained. The average price paid blends a year of purchases (and any accelerated repurchase), so it is close, not exact. The record of where the cash went and on what terms.

Acquisitions & goodwill

from the balance sheet & the 10-year cash-flow record

Goodwill grows only when a company acquires and falls only when it concedes it overpaid. The size of that bet, the cash put into buying rather than building, and how much has already been written off.

Goodwill & intangibles$159.9B73% of all assets; the premium carried on the balance sheet for businesses acquired
Against book equityexceeds itgoodwill alone is larger than the company’s entire book equity; stripped of the acquisition premium, there is no net book worth
Cash spent acquiring$0over 10 years buying other businesses, against $46.6B of capital spent building

None written down over the record; the goodwill is still carried at full cost. That is the deals holding their value on the books so far; whether they keep doing so is the test an owner watches, since the write-down, when it comes, is the admission the price was too high.

Goodwill, acquired intangibles and equity from the latest balance sheet; acquisition spend and write-downs summed across the 10-year record, from the company's own filings.

Inverting the record

Invert: instead of why Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV is a good business, the question is what would make owning it a mistake, and whether those marks are in the record. Disconfirming tests across 2016–2025.

None of the 4 tests turned up a mark; each came back clean. A clean panel says only that these particular ways of being wrong are not written into the record.

Each test came back clean
  • Is it less profitable than it was?
  • Did the share count rise anyway?
  • Did reported profit become cash?
  • Did receivables and inventory outpace sales?

Each test is read from the filings and is noisy alone; a flag can mark a cyclical trough or a year of heavy investment as easily as a problem. The filing says which.

Peers, Brewers, Distillers & Wineries

The same industry, side by side on owner economics. Each figure is a through-cycle median, so a peak or trough year can’t distort it; the group median at the foot is the line to read each against.

CompanyRevenueGross marginOp. marginROICOwner earn. margin
PEPPepsiCo Inc.$93.9B55%14.2%18%11%
ADMArcher-Daniels-Midland Company$80.3B7%3.5%8%-2%
BGBunge Limited$70.3B6%3.7%14%-1%
BUDAnheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV$59.3B58%25.9%17%
TSNTyson Foods Inc.$54.4B12%7.2%10%4%
KOCoca-Cola Co.$47.9B61%26.0%16%21%
MDLZMondelez International Inc.$38.5B39%13.9%7%10%
TAPMolson Coors$13.0B50%11.0%6%9%
Group median44%12.5%10%
IV

The price

What a price has to assume.

What the price implies

reverse-DCF

Enter the US price, in dollars: the NYSE/Nasdaq quote you hold. Per the filing's own cover, “American Depositary Shares, each representing one ordinary”; Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV reports in USD, so every figure in this tool is stated per ADS so your dollar quote reconciles exactly. The record tables elsewhere on this page remain as filed.

Type today's close and see the owner-earnings growth you'd have to believe to justify it, beside what Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV has delivered.

$

Through the cycle, Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV earns about $10.0B on its 16.9% median owner-earnings margin. This year’s 18.9% margin runs in line with that. Normalize, below, values the price on that through-cycle figure rather than the latest year.

Base

The assumptions

9.0% = the 4.55% 10-year Treasury (Jul 15, 2026) + 4.45 points of equity premium. The rate you require is yours to set.

Enter a price above to run it.

Implied by the price
Owner-earnings growth · ’21→’25+7%/yr
Owner-earnings growth · ’16→’25+4%/yr
Owner-earnings yield
P/E (3-yr earnings ’23–’25)
P/B
Graham’s price gate

Graham capped the multiple at 15×; Buffett and Munger let that rule go: a wonderful business can deserve 50× if the thesis holds. The gate marks the bargain-hunter's floor.

Against a high-grade bond: Graham’s yardstick bond yield%

Prefilled with the 10-year Treasury (4.55%, as of Jul 15, 2026). Edit it for today’s exact figure, or a AAA corporate yield.

Graham measured a stock against the bond you could own instead, the heart of his margin of safety. Enter a price above to weigh the owner-earnings yield against this bond.

Owner earnings $11.2B on 1797M shares outstanding, per the 20-F cover, as of 2025-12-31; net cash $6.2B. The if-converted diluted count is 2019M, 12% above the shares outstanding: the dilution overhang (convertibles, options) a buyer inherits. The base is the latest year by default; Normalize values it on the through-cycle median owner-earnings margin (to avoid paying on a peak year). Net of stock comp treats option pay as the expense it is. The dials set the multiple a growth belief justifies; the price, and every dollar on this page, is yours.

Cite: Owner Scorecard, "Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV (BUD), the owner's record," https://ownerscorecard.com/c/BUD, data as of 2026-07-09.

Manual order: ← BTI its page in the Manual BULL →

Industry order: ← BF-B the Brewers, Distillers & Wineries chapter CCU →