Owner Scorecard


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CIG, Comp En De Mn Cemig ADS

Electric Utilities capital-intensive Regulated utility

CEMIG's market consists of sales of energy to: Regulated customers in CEMIG's concession area in the State of Minas Gerais.

Involves the generation, transmission, distribution and sale of energy, gas distribution and the providing of energy solutions.

From the generated and purchased resources in 2025 , 42,700 GWh or 41.7 % of them were energy delivered to final customers, both captive and free.

Latest annual: FY2024 20-F · figures as filed, in BRL · 1 ADS = 1 ordinary share
CIG · Comp En De Mn Cemig ADS
I

The business

What it sells, where the money comes from, the kind of company it is.

Revenue · FY2024
R$39.8B
+8.1% YoY · 9% 5-yr CAGR
Vital signs · TTM, with 5-yr average
Revenue R$39.8B 5-yr avg R$34.0B
Operating margin 28.4% 5-yr avg 23.3%
ROIC 23% 5-yr avg 21%
Owner-earnings margin 12% 5-yr avg 18%
Free cash flow margin 12% 5-yr avg 18%

The business in brief

read the 10-K →

What this business is and what moves its needle, from its own SEC filings.

Situation
Regulated utility. Returns are set by regulation on an approved rate base; the capital spending regulators approve becomes the growth, recovered through allowed rates.
What moves the needle
Gross margin has run about 23% and operating margin about 21% through the cycle, a thin spread, but one where almost nothing separates the gross and operating lines — the mark of cost-plus or fixed-price program work, so the contract structure and the order book set the result more than unit volume against a price. On a spread this thin the operating result swings hard on small moves in cost or volume — it has ranged from 1.0% to 28% over the years, so the cost line is where the needle moves. Read this kind of business on rate base and the allowed return. On its own account, the filing leans hardest on customer concentration, set against the numbers in what the filing emphasizes, below.
Is it a good business?
Return on capital has run in the teens (median 14%, above 15% in 3 of 6 years). Owner earnings agree: roughly 11% of revenue reaches owners as cash, consistently. Returns like these are solid but short of clear franchise economics; whether they hold is what the 10-K settles, not the multiple.

Every line is arithmetic on the company's filings, shown in full in the sections below.

II

The record

Ten years of arithmetic, read across the cycle.

The record, 2015–2024

realized figures from each filing · older years to the left
2015’152016’162017’172018’182019’192020’202021’212022’222023’232024’24TTMTTMDec 2024
Income statement
R$21.9BR$18.8BR$21.7BR$22.3BR$25.5BR$25.2BR$33.6BR$34.5BR$36.9BR$39.8BR$39.8BRevenueRevenue
28%23%19%21%23%21%23%Gross marginGross mgn
R$5.6BR$2.8BR$3.4BR$4.5BR$252MR$5.3BR$7.8BR$7.2BR$8.5BR$11.3BR$11.3BOperating incomeOp. inc.
25.5%15.2%15.9%20.4%1.0%20.9%23.2%20.8%23.1%28.4%28.4%Operating marginOp. mgn
R$2.5BR$334MR$1.0BR$1.7B(R$3.2B)R$2.9BR$3.8BR$4.1BR$5.8BR$7.1BR$7.1BNet incomeNet inc.
27%9%39%26%20%1%16%24%24%Effective tax rateTax rate
Cash flow & returns
R$3.0BR$1.2BR$580MR$1.0BR$2.0BR$8.6BR$3.7BR$6.5BR$6.6BR$5.5BR$5.5BOperating cash flowOp. cash
R$811MR$802MR$787MR$761MR$815MR$865MR$947MR$1.2BR$1.3BR$1.4BR$1.4BDepreciationDeprec.
(R$272M)R$77M(R$1.2B)(R$1.5B)R$4.4BR$4.9B(R$1.0B)R$1.3B(R$392M)(R$3.0B)(R$3.0B)Working capital & otherWC & other
R$126MR$120MR$83MR$77MR$70MR$132MR$182MR$173MR$1.1BR$671MR$671MCapexCapex
0.6%0.6%0.4%0.3%0.3%0.5%0.5%0.5%2.9%1.7%1.7%Capex / revenueCapex/rev
R$2.9BR$1.1BR$497MR$931MR$2.0BR$8.5BR$3.5BR$6.4BR$5.6BR$4.8BR$4.8BOwner earningsOwner earn.
13.2%5.8%2.3%4.2%7.7%33.6%10.4%18.5%15.1%12.1%12.1%Owner earnings marginOE mgn
R$2.9BR$1.1BR$497MR$931MR$2.0BR$8.5BR$3.5BR$6.4BR$5.6BR$4.8BR$4.8BFree cash flowFCF
13.2%5.8%2.3%4.2%7.7%33.6%10.4%18.5%15.1%12.1%12.1%Free cash flow marginFCF mgn
R$167MR$500MR$657MR$701MR$598MR$533MR$1.9BR$1.9BDividends paidDiv. paid
10%8%12%17%22%23%23%ROICROIC
19%3%7%12%-20%16%19%19%23%26%26%Return on equityROE
1%3%7%−25%13%21%19%19%Retained to equityRetained/eq
Balance sheet
R$995MR$1.0BR$891MR$536MR$1.7BR$825MR$1.4BR$2.3BR$2.3BR$2.3BCash & investmentsCash+inv
R$235MR$207MR$261MR$296MR$296MReceivablesReceiv.
R$49MR$38MR$36MR$39MR$39MInventoryInvent.
R$49MR$273MR$36MR$39MR$207MR$261MR$296MR$335MOperating working capitalOper. WC
R$8.3BR$8.5BR$27.8BR$10.4BR$15.5BR$12.9BR$13.5BR$11.9BR$12.2BR$12.2BCurrent assetsCur. assets
R$11.4BR$8.7BR$23.4BR$7.9BR$9.7BR$10.7BR$11.2BR$13.1BR$14.1BR$14.1BCurrent liabilitiesCur. liab.
0.7×1.0×1.2×1.3×1.6×1.2×1.2×0.9×0.9×0.9×Current ratioCurr. ratio
R$42.0BR$42.2BR$59.9BR$50.5BR$54.1BR$52.0BR$53.7BR$55.0BR$59.7BR$59.7BTotal assetsAssets
R$15.2BR$14.4BR$14.8BR$14.8BR$15.0BR$1.5BR$955MR$9.8BR$12.3BR$12.3BTotal debtDebt
R$14.2BR$13.4BR$13.9BR$14.2BR$13.3BR$640M(R$486M)R$7.5BR$10.0BR$10.0BNet debt / (cash)Net debt
2.5×1.1×1.9×2.0×0.1×1.6×2.5×2.3×5.1×5.8×5.8×Interest coverageInt. cov.
R$13.0BR$12.9BR$14.3BR$14.6BR$15.9BR$17.5BR$19.5BR$21.8BR$24.6BR$27.4BR$27.4BShareholders’ equityEquity
Per share
1.26B1.26B1.46B1.69B736M2.20B2.20B2.86B2.86B2.86B2.86BShares out (diluted)Shares
R$17.38R$14.92R$14.89R$13.15R$34.63R$11.46R$15.29R$12.05R$12.88R$13.92R$13.92Revenue / shareRev/sh
R$1.96R$0.27R$0.69R$1.00R$-4.34R$1.30R$1.70R$1.43R$2.01R$2.49R$2.49EPS (diluted)EPS
R$2.29R$0.87R$0.34R$0.55R$2.67R$3.85R$1.59R$2.23R$1.95R$1.69R$1.69Owner earnings / shareOE/sh
R$2.29R$0.87R$0.34R$0.55R$2.67R$3.85R$1.59R$2.23R$1.95R$1.69R$1.69Free cash flow / shareFCF/sh
R$0.13R$0.34R$0.39R$0.95R$0.27R$0.19R$0.66R$0.66Dividends / shareDiv/sh
R$0.10R$0.10R$0.06R$0.05R$0.10R$0.06R$0.08R$0.06R$0.38R$0.23R$0.23Cap. spending / shareCapex/sh
R$10.32R$10.28R$9.82R$8.61R$21.59R$7.94R$8.84R$7.61R$8.62R$9.57R$9.57Book value / shareBVPS

The diluted share count moved ×1/2.3 into 2019 — shares retired, not a split the totals corroborate — and the per-share figures carry the counts as filed.

The diluted share count moved ×2.99 into 2020 — shares issued, not a split the totals corroborate — and the per-share figures carry the counts as filed.

Per-share growththe realized rate an owner's share compounded
9-yr5-yr
Revenue / share−2.4%/yr−16.7%/yr
Owner earnings / share−3.3%/yr−8.8%/yr
EPS+2.7%/yr
Dividends / share+22.2%/yr (8-yr)−7.1%/yr
Capital spending / share+9.9%/yr+19.8%/yr
Book value / share−0.8%/yr−15.0%/yr

The record, charted

FY2015–2024

Each measure over its full record; the current point and the worst year marked.

Share count
2.9Bpeak FY2022
ROIC
23%low FY2017
Gross margin
23%low FY2017
Net debt ÷ owner earnings
2.1×peak FY2017

Owner earnings vs. net income

Owner earningsNet income

The accountant's number, and the cash an owner can take; the gap is the tell.

R$4.8Bowner earningsvs.R$7.1Bnet incomelow FY2017

Where the cash went

ReinvestBuybacksDividendsAcquisitionsRetained

Each year's operating cash, by what management did with it: the mix, and how it drifts.

FY2015FY2024

Net income is the accountant's number; owner earnings is the cash an owner could take out. The walk between them, off the cash-flow statement, and whether the gap is widening or holding.

In fiscal 2024 the business reported R$7.1B of profit but R$4.8B of owner earnings: R$2.3B less than the profit line, taken out by capital spending and the timing of cash.

Reported net incomeR$7.1B
Owner earningsR$4.8B · 12% of revenue
FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020
Reported net incomeR$7.1BR$5.8BR$4.1BR$3.8BR$2.9B
Depreciation & amortizationnon-cash charge added back+R$1.4B+R$1.3B+R$1.2B+R$947M+R$865M
Working capital & othertiming of cash in and out, other non-cash items−R$3.0B−R$392M+R$1.3B−R$1.0B+R$4.9B
Cash from operationsR$5.5BR$6.6BR$6.5BR$3.7BR$8.6B
Capital expenditurecash put back in to keep running and to grow−R$671M−R$1.1B−R$173M−R$182M−R$132M
Owner earningsR$4.8BR$5.6BR$6.4BR$3.5BR$8.5B
Owner-earnings marginowner earnings ÷ revenue12%15%18%10%34%

Owner earnings is the cash an owner could pull out without starving the business: operating cash less the capital it must spend to hold its position .

Maintenance capex is estimated as depreciation where a growing business invests above it; free cash flow is the figure the scorecard's free-cash margin reads.

III

Quality & stewardship

Returns, the balance sheet, capital allocation, and pay.

Owner’s Scorecard

FY2024 20-F · source on SEC EDGAR →

Will it survive?

  • Comfortable
    Operating income R$11.3B ÷ interest expense R$2.0B
    What this means

    Operating profit covers interest with the kind of margin Graham wanted for a defensive holding. Necessary, not sufficient, it says solvent, not cheap.

  • How heavy is the debt, net of cash? R$10.0B · 0.9× operating profit
    Modest net debt
    Cash R$1.9B + ST investments R$358M − debt R$12.3B
    What this means

    Netting R$2.3B of cash and short-term investments against R$12.3B of debt leaves R$10.0B owed, about 0.9× a year's operating profit (1.1× on the gross debt, before the cash). Net debt is the leverage figure that matters: the cash is already set against the debt. Strategic or illiquid investments aren't counted here.

  • Not enough data
    What this means

    The filing data didn't include the inputs for this check.

Is it a good business?

  • Solid through the cycle
    6-yr median, range 8%–23%; 23% latest = NOPAT R$8.6B ÷ invested capital R$37.8B
    Industry peers: median 6%
    What this means

    The rate the business earns on the money tied up in it, Buffett's north star, because over time a stock tracks the ROIC beneath it. Above ~15% sustained hints at a moat; a return below the cost of capital (~8%) erodes value as a business grows rather than building it — the test Buffett weighs most. The headline is the median of the last 6 years (it ran 23% most recently), so one peak or trough year doesn't set the verdict. Asset-light businesses (R&D expensed, little capital) read artificially high, pair this with Owner Earnings.

  • Solid through the cycle
    10-yr median margin, range 2%–34%; latest R$4.8B = operating cash R$5.5B − maintenance capex R$671M
    Industry peers: median 12%
    What this means

    What an owner could take out without starving the business: operating cash less the maintenance capital it must spend to hold its position — Buffett's owner earnings. That's 12% of revenue this year, a 10% median across 10 years.

  • Mostly cash-backed
    Cash from ops R$5.5B ÷ net income R$7.1B
    What this means

    How much of reported profit showed up as operating cash. Above 1× is reassuring; well below suggests earnings lean on accruals. One year is noisy, growth and working-capital swings distort it, and this is operating cash, not free cash. Watch the multi-year trend.

How is the cash used?

  • Reinvests most of it
    Dividends + buybacks R$1.9B ÷ Owner Earnings R$4.8B
    What this means

    Of R$4.8B Owner Earnings, R$1.9B (39%) went back to shareholders, R$1.9B dividends, R$0 buybacks. Returning most of it is the mark of a mature business with little left to reinvest at a high return; reinvesting most could mean a long runway, or empire-building. The split doesn't say which; the return earned on it (see ROIC) does.

  • Investing or harvesting? 0.49×
    Harvesting
    Capex R$671M ÷ depreciation R$1.4B
    What this means

    Descriptive, not a grade. Above ~1× means investing faster than assets wear out (growth, or, sustained for years, today's earnings carrying less depreciation than tomorrow's will). Below means spending less than it's wearing out (efficiency, or a melting asset base). The ratio won't tell you which; the filings will.

Graham’s defensive tests · 1 of 5 met

Graham’s numerical criteria for the defensive investor (The Intelligent Investor, ch. 14), run on the filings. A floor of safety, not a buy signal; many fine modern businesses fail his strictest liquidity rules by design.

  • Adequate size
    Revenue ≥ $2B (a dollar floor) · R$39.8B
    What this means

    Big enough to weather a storm. Graham's floor is a dollar figure — about $2B of revenue as a conservative modern stand-in. This company reports in its home currency and we carry no exchange rate, so we show the figure and leave the size bar for you to apply rather than convert it with a number we don't have.

  • Strong liquidity Miss
    Current ratio ≥ 2× · 0.86×
    What this means

    Current assets at least twice current liabilities, near-term bills covered without touching the business. Strict by design: many cash-rich modern firms run leaner and miss it, holding their cushion in longer-dated securities.

  • Conservative debt Miss
    Debt ≤ working capital · R$12.3B vs (R$1.9B) WC
    What this means

    Graham's rule that borrowings not exceed net current assets. Capital-heavy and buyback-heavy firms routinely fail it, read it next to interest coverage, not alone.

  • Earnings stability Near
    A profit every year (10-yr record) · 1 loss year
    What this means

    Graham wanted earnings in each of the past ten years, the stability a defensive owner leans on.

  • Dividend record Miss
    Uninterrupted dividends · 7 of 10 yrs
    What this means

    An unbroken dividend was Graham's mark of durability. He wanted twenty years; the filings show about ten, and a single suspension breaks the streak. Non-payers, many fine modern compounders, fall outside his defensive net by design.

  • Earnings growth Pass
    Earnings +33% over the record · +346%
    What this means

    At least a third more earnings than a decade ago, averaging three years at each end. Net income (not per-share), so stock splits don't distort it, buybacks and dilution show up in the share-count line instead.

  • Moderate price
    P/E ≤ 15 and P/E × P/B ≤ 22.5 · decided by the price
    What this means

    Graham's valuation gate, the wall he kept between a sound business and a sound investment. Three-year average earnings are R$1.98/share (latest year R$2.49), the averaged base the calculator's gate runs on, and book value is R$9.57/share. Enter a price in “What the price implies” just below for the P/E, P/B, and whether it clears. But this is the rule Buffett outgrew: there's no hard P/E law, and a wonderful business can deserve a far richer multiple if the thesis holds, treat it as the bargain-hunter's floor, not a verdict on the price.

Durability & moat, 2015–2024

Whether the record’s returns held, and what the capital reinvested earned.

  • Profitable years 9 of 10
    What this means

    Lost money in 1 year(s), look at what happened there before trusting the average.

  • Return on capital ≥ 15% 5 of 9 yrs
    What this means

    A moat shows up as a high return on invested capital that holds year after year, not one good vintage.

  • Operating margin 19% → 24% (3-yr avg ends)
    What this means

    Through the cycle the operating margin widened — about 19% early to 24% lately, median 21% — pricing power intact or improving.

  • Reinvestment, incremental ROIC returns capital
    What this means

    The capital base barely grew: this business returns cash through dividends and buybacks rather than reinvesting. Judge it on the cash returned, not on compounding.

  • Owner earnings growth +11%/yr
    What this means

    Owner earnings grew about 11% a year over the record.

  • Worst year 2019 · 1.0% op. margin
    What this means

    Stayed profitable even in its hardest year, the resilience that survives recessions.

  • Dividend record rising
    What this means

    Paid and raised the dividend across the record, the continuity Graham prized.

Does AI threaten the moat?

Low contestability

The moat is physical, regulated or balance-sheet-funded, the kind AI cuts costs within but does not contest.

In its own filing Raised, but not as a competitor

The filing raises AI among its risks, but in other terms (security, regulation, energy or the like), not as a competitor to its product; it frames AI mainly as a capability.

AI is unlikely to contest a moat that is physical, regulated or balance-sheet-funded; here it reads more as a cost tool than a threat, and the company is using it that way.

Read from the filing's own risk factors, paired with the industry's structure under its SIC code; the durability is read above, the price below.

All figures as filed; the source filing is linked above.

Current Position

as of fiscal year-end, Dec 31, 2024

Can the business pay what it owes this year, off the freshest balance sheet: the quality of the assets, the debt actually coming due, and what a low ratio means here.

Current assetsR$12.2B
  • Cash & short-term investmentsR$2.3B
  • ReceivablesR$296M
  • InventoryR$39M
  • Other current assetsR$9.6B
Current liabilitiesR$14.1B
  • Debt due within a yearR$2.9B
  • Other current liabilitiesR$11.3B
Current ratio0.86×all current assets ÷ what's due · Graham looked for 2×
Quick ratio0.86×stricter: inventory excluded
Cash ratio0.16×strictest: cash alone against what's due
Working capital(R$1.9B)the cushion left after near-term bills
Debt due this year vs. cashR$2.9B due · R$2.3B cash cash alone won't cover the maturities; it leans on refinancing or operating cash · both figures from the Dec 31, 2024 balance sheet
Deeper floors
Tangible book valueR$10.6Bequity stripped of goodwill & intangibles
Net current asset value(R$20.1B)Graham's net-net: current assets less all liabilities
Debt incl. operating leasesR$12.7BR$429M of it operating leases

From the company's latest filing.

How the cash was used, 2015–2024

Over the record, the business generated R$38.8B of operating cash; how management split it reads as a balanced allocator, splitting cash between the business, owners, and the balance sheet.

  • ReinvestedR$2.7B · 7%
  • DividendsR$5.0B · 13%
  • Retained (debt / cash)R$31.1B · 80%
  • Returned to ownersR$5.0B

    14% of the owner earnings the business produced over the span, R$5.0B as dividends and R$0 as buybacks.

  • Net change in share count127.3%

    The diluted count rose from 1258M to 2861M: issuance (stock pay, deals) outran any buybacks, so owners were diluted on net.

  • Dividend recordR$0.66/sh

    Paid in 7 of the years on record, the per-share dividend growing about 31% a year. It was cut at least once along the way.

  • Return on what it retained20%

    Of the earnings it kept rather than paid out (R$20.9B over the span), annual owner earnings (first three years vs last three) grew R$4.1B, so each retained R$1 added about 0.20 of yearly owner earnings. Buffett's test, run on owner earnings instead of market value.

Buybacks are gross of stock issued to staff; the share-count line above is the net of that, the figure that decides whether owners gained. The average price paid blends a year of purchases (and any accelerated repurchase), so it is close, not exact. The record of where the cash went and on what terms.

Acquisitions & goodwill

from the balance sheet & the 10-year cash-flow record

Goodwill grows only when a company acquires and falls only when it concedes it overpaid. The size of that bet, the cash put into buying rather than building, and how much has already been written off.

Goodwill & intangiblesR$16.8B28% of all assets; the premium carried on the balance sheet for businesses acquired
Against book equity0%goodwill is this share of book equity; the rest is the company’s own retained and paid-in capital
Cash spent acquiringR$0over 10 years buying other businesses, against R$2.7B of capital spent building

None written down over the record; the goodwill is still carried at full cost. That is the deals holding their value on the books so far; whether they keep doing so is the test an owner watches, since the write-down, when it comes, is the admission the price was too high.

Goodwill, acquired intangibles and equity from the latest balance sheet; acquisition spend and write-downs summed across the 10-year record, from the company's own filings.

Inverting the record

Invert: instead of why Comp En De Mn Cemig ADS is a good business, the question is what would make owning it a mistake, and whether those marks are in the record. Disconfirming tests across 2015–2024.

1 of the 3 tests turned up something to look into; the other 2 came back clean.

  • Look hereDid the share count rise anyway?127.3%

    Diluted shares grew 127.3% over 2015–2024. Owners were diluted on net; each share owns less of the business than it did. Read the buyback line beside this one, not on its own.

And these came back clean
  • Is it less profitable than it was?
  • Did reported profit become cash?

Each test is read from the filings and is noisy alone; a flag can mark a cyclical trough or a year of heavy investment as easily as a problem. The filing says which.

Peers, Electric Utilities

The same industry, side by side on owner economics. Each figure is a through-cycle median, so a peak or trough year can’t distort it; the group median at the foot is the line to read each against.

CompanyRevenueGross marginOp. marginROICOwner earn. margin
CIGComp En De Mn Cemig ADSR$39.8B23%20.9%14%11%
NRGNRG Energy$30.3B24%7.6%13%9%
SOSouthern Company (The)$29.6B22.8%6%12%
NEENextEra Energy Inc.$27.4B28.2%6%
CEGConstellation Energy$22.7B5.0%8%-17%
AEPAmerican Electric Power Company Inc.$21.7B19.2%6%26%
VSTVistra$17.6B10.8%7%17%
DTBDTE Energy Co$15.8B13.6%6%
Group median16.4%6%12%
IV

The price

What a price has to assume.

What the price implies

reverse-DCF

Enter the US price, in dollars: the NYSE/Nasdaq quote you hold. Per the filing's own cover, “American Depositary Shares, each representing 1 Common”; Comp En De Mn Cemig ADS reports in BRL, so every figure in this tool is stated per ADS and translated at BRL 1 = $0.197 (2026-07-17, reference rate) so your dollar quote reconciles exactly. The record tables elsewhere on this page remain as filed, in BRL.

Type today's close and see the owner-earnings growth you'd have to believe to justify it, beside what Comp En De Mn Cemig ADS has delivered.

$

Through the cycle, Comp En De Mn Cemig ADS earns about $883M on its 11.3% median owner-earnings margin. This year’s 12.1% margin runs in line with that. Normalize, below, values the price on that through-cycle figure rather than the latest year.

Base

The assumptions

9.0% = the 4.55% 10-year Treasury (Jul 15, 2026) + 4.45 points of equity premium. The rate you require is yours to set.

Enter a price above to run it.

Implied by the price
Owner-earnings growth · ’20→’24−3%/yr
Owner-earnings growth · ’15→’24+11%/yr
Owner-earnings yield
P/E (3-yr earnings ’22–’24)
P/B
Graham’s price gate

Graham capped the multiple at 15×; Buffett and Munger let that rule go: a wonderful business can deserve 50× if the thesis holds. The gate marks the bargain-hunter's floor.

Against a high-grade bond: Graham’s yardstick bond yield%

Prefilled with the 10-year Treasury (4.55%, as of Jul 15, 2026). Edit it for today’s exact figure, or a AAA corporate yield.

Graham measured a stock against the bond you could own instead, the heart of his margin of safety. Enter a price above to weigh the owner-earnings yield against this bond.

Owner earnings $949M on 2861M diluted shares; net debt $2.0B. The base is the latest year by default; Normalize values it on the through-cycle median owner-earnings margin (to avoid paying on a peak year). Net of stock comp treats option pay as the expense it is. The dials set the multiple a growth belief justifies; the price, and every dollar on this page, is yours.

Cite: Owner Scorecard, "Comp En De Mn Cemig ADS (CIG), the owner's record," https://ownerscorecard.com/c/CIG, data as of 2026-07-09.

Manual order: ← CHT its page in the Manual CIGI →

Industry order: ← CEPU the Electric Utilities chapter CNP →