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OGE, OGE Energy

Electric Utilities capital-intensive Regulated utility

OGE Energy is a holding company whose primary investment provides electricity in Oklahoma and western Arkansas.

Its business model is centered around growth and sustainability for employees (internally referred to as "members"), communities and customers and the owners of OGE Energy, its shareholders.

OG&E does not currently serve wholesale customers in either state.

Latest annual: FY2025 10-K

OGE · OGE Energy

The business

What it sells, where the money comes from, the kind of company it is.

Revenue · FY2025

$3.2B

+9.4% YoY · 9% 5-yr CAGR

Vital signs · TTM, with 5-yr average

Revenue $3.2B 5-yr avg $3.1B

Gross margin 60% 5-yr avg 56%

Operating margin 24.5% 5-yr avg 22.1%

ROIC 6% 5-yr avg 6%

Owner-earnings margin 23% 5-yr avg 10%

Free cash flow margin 7% 5-yr avg −7%

The business in brief

read the 10-K →

What this business is and what moves its needle, from its own SEC filings.

Situation: Regulated utility. Returns are set by regulation on an approved rate base; the capital spending regulators approve becomes the growth, recovered through allowed rates.
What moves the needle: Gross margin has run about 61% and operating margin about 23% through the cycle, a wide spread between price and the cost of what it sells — whether that advantage is durable pricing power or a margin that can erode is the question the record is for. The cash cycle has run negative through the cycle (a median of −29 days): the operation is paid before it pays, so working capital releases cash as the business grows rather than tying it up. Read this kind of business on rate base and the allowed return. On its own account, the filing leans hardest on supplier & input dependence, set against the numbers in what the filing emphasizes, below.
Is it a good business?: Return on capital has rarely cleared the cost of capital (median 6%, above 15% in 0 of 9 years). By owner earnings: roughly 15% of revenue reaches owners as cash, consistently, and customers and suppliers fund the business through negative working capital. This is price-taker territory, where the balance sheet and the cycle matter more than any multiple; the rest is in the 10-K.

Every line is arithmetic on the company's filings, shown in full in the sections below.

The record

Ten years of arithmetic, read across the cycle.

The record, 2016–2025

realized figures from each filing · older years to the left

2016’16	2017’17	2018’18	2019’19	2020’20	2021’21	2022’22	2023’23	2024’24	2025’25	TTMTTMMar 2026
											Income statement
$2.3B	$2.3B	$2.2B	$2.2B	$2.1B	$3.6B	$3.3B	$2.6B	$2.9B	$3.2B	$3.2B	RevenueRevenue
61%	60%	60%	64%	69%	41%	50%	65%	63%	61%	60%	Gross marginGross mgn
—	—	—	—	—	4%	4%	6%	—	—	5%	SG&A / revenueSG&A/rev
$531M	$532M	$490M	$504M	$522M	$544M	$650M	$650M	$745M	$799M	$779M	Operating incomeOp. inc.
23.5%	23.5%	22.1%	23.2%	25.2%	15.2%	19.7%	24.9%	25.6%	25.1%	24.5%	Operating marginOp. mgn
$338M	$619M	$426M	$434M	($174M)	$737M	$666M	$417M	$442M	$471M	$458M	Net incomeNet inc.
30%	-9%	15%	6%	—	16%	16%	12%	15%	16%	16%	Effective tax rateTax rate
											Cash flow & returns
$645M	$785M	$951M	$682M	$713M	($230M)	$952M	$1.2B	$813M	$1.1B	$1.3B	Operating cash flowOp. cash
$323M	$284M	$322M	$355M	$391M	$416M	$461M	$507M	$540M	$560M	$559M	DepreciationDeprec.
($21M)	($127M)	$191M	($121M)	$485M	($1.4B)	($184M)	$296M	($180M)	$93M	$265M	Working capital & otherWC & other
$660M	$824M	$574M	$636M	$651M	$779M	$1.1B	$1.2B	$1.1B	$1.1B	$1.1B	CapexCapex
29.2%	36.4%	25.9%	29.2%	31.4%	21.7%	31.8%	45.2%	37.4%	33.0%	33.6%	Capex / revenueCapex/rev
$322M	$501M	$630M	$327M	$322M	($646M)	$492M	$726M	$273M	$577M	$738M	Owner earningsOwner earn.
14.3%	22.2%	28.5%	15.0%	15.5%	−18.0%	14.9%	27.8%	9.4%	18.1%	23.2%	Owner earnings marginOE mgn
($15M)	($40M)	$378M	$46M	$62M	($1.0B)	($99M)	$54M	($278M)	$83M	$225M	Free cash flowFCF
−0.7%	−1.8%	17.1%	2.1%	3.0%	−28.1%	−3.0%	2.1%	−9.5%	2.6%	7.1%	Free cash flow marginFCF mgn
$225M	$248M	$272M	$299M	$315M	$325M	$329M	$333M	$339M	$342M	$344M	Dividends paidDiv. paid
6%	8%	6%	6%	—	5%	6%	6%	7%	6%	6%	ROICROIC
10%	16%	11%	10%	-5%	18%	15%	9%	10%	9%	9%	Return on equityROE
3%	10%	4%	3%	−13%	10%	8%	2%	2%	3%	2%	Retained to equityRetained/eq
											Balance sheet
$300K	$14M	$94M	$0	$1M	$0	$88M	$200K	$600K	$200K	$200K	Cash & investmentsCash+inv
$173M	$191M	$175M	$154M	$158M	$162M	$250M	$209M	$241M	$348M	$305M	ReceivablesReceiv.
$80M	$84M	$58M	$46M	$37M	$41M	$109M	$159M	$148M	$112M	$109M	InventoryInvent.
$205M	$230M	$239M	$195M	$252M	$274M	$449M	$276M	$306M	$351M	$283M	Accounts payablePayables
$47M	$45M	($7M)	$5M	($57M)	($71M)	($90M)	$91M	$83M	$109M	$131M	Operating working capitalOper. WC
$550M	$497M	$557M	$430M	$429M	$614M	$1.3B	$772M	$895M	$858M	$809M	Current assetsCur. assets
$1.0B	$951M	$869M	$658M	$697M	$1.1B	$1.8B	$1.2B	$1.2B	$1.1B	$1.2B	Current liabilitiesCur. liab.
0.5×	0.5×	0.6×	0.7×	0.6×	0.6×	0.7×	0.7×	0.7×	0.8×	0.7×	Current ratioCurr. ratio
$9.9B	$10.4B	$10.7B	$11.0B	$10.7B	$12.6B	$12.5B	$12.8B	$13.7B	$14.4B	$14.5B	Total assetsAssets
$2.6B	$3.0B	$3.1B	$3.2B	$3.5B	$4.5B	$4.5B	$4.3B	$5.1B	$5.4B	$5.4B	Total debtDebt
$2.6B	$3.0B	$3.1B	$3.2B	$3.5B	$4.5B	$4.5B	$4.3B	$5.1B	$5.4B	$5.4B	Net debt / (cash)Net debt
3.7×	3.7×	3.1×	3.4×	3.3×	3.4×	3.9×	2.9×	2.9×	3.0×	3.0×	Interest coverageInt. cov.
$3.4B	$3.9B	$4.0B	$4.1B	$3.6B	$4.1B	$4.4B	$4.5B	$4.6B	$5.0B	$4.9B	Shareholders’ equityEquity
0.2%	0.4%	0.6%	0.6%	0.5%	0.3%	0.3%	0.5%	0.4%	0.4%	0.5%	Stock comp / revenueSBC/rev
											Per share
200M	200M	201M	201M	200M	200M	201M	201M	201M	203M	207M	Shares out (diluted)Shares
$11.30	$11.31	$11.03	$10.84	$10.34	$17.92	$16.46	$12.98	$14.49	$15.76	$15.38	Revenue / shareRev/sh
$1.69	$3.10	$2.12	$2.16	$-0.87	$3.68	$3.32	$2.07	$2.19	$2.32	$2.21	EPS (diluted)EPS
$1.61	$2.50	$3.14	$1.63	$1.61	$-3.22	$2.45	$3.61	$1.36	$2.85	$3.56	Owner earnings / shareOE/sh
$-0.08	$-0.20	$1.88	$0.23	$0.31	$-5.03	$-0.49	$0.27	$-1.38	$0.41	$1.09	Free cash flow / shareFCF/sh
$1.13	$1.24	$1.36	$1.49	$1.57	$1.62	$1.64	$1.66	$1.68	$1.69	$1.66	Dividends / shareDiv/sh
$3.30	$4.12	$2.86	$3.17	$3.25	$3.89	$5.23	$5.86	$5.42	$5.21	$5.17	Cap. spending / shareCapex/sh
$17.23	$19.26	$19.98	$20.63	$18.15	$20.25	$21.98	$22.46	$23.05	$24.58	$23.84	Book value / shareBVPS

Per-share growththe realized rate an owner's share compounded

	9-yr	5-yr
Revenue / share	+3.8%/yr	+8.8%/yr
Owner earnings / share	+6.5%/yr	+12.2%/yr
EPS	+3.6%/yr	—
Dividends / share	+4.6%/yr	+1.4%/yr
Capital spending / share	+5.2%/yr	+9.9%/yr
Book value / share	+4.0%/yr	+6.3%/yr

The record, charted

FY2016–2025

Each measure over its full record; the current point and the worst year marked.

Share count

203Mpeak FY2025

ROIC

6%low FY2021

Gross margin

61%low FY2021

Net debt ÷ owner earnings

9.3×peak FY2024

Owner earnings vs. net income

Owner earningsNet income

The accountant's number, and the cash an owner can take; the gap is the tell.

$577Mowner earningsvs.$471Mnet incomelow FY2021

Where the cash went

ReinvestBuybacksDividendsAcquisitionsRetained

Each year's operating cash, by what management did with it: the mix, and how it drifts.

FY2016FY2025

Owner-earnings bridge

FY2021–FY2025cash-flow statement, SEC EDGAR →

Net income is the accountant's number; owner earnings is the cash an owner could take out. The walk between them, off the cash-flow statement, and whether the gap is widening or holding.

In fiscal 2025 the business earned $577M of owner earnings, the operating cash left after the $560M it takes just to hold its position. It put $495M more into growth; free cash flow, after that spending, was $83M.

Reported net income$471M

Owner earnings$577M · 18% of revenue

	FY2025	FY2024	FY2023	FY2022	FY2021
Reported net income	$471M	$442M	$417M	$666M	$737M
Depreciation & amortizationnon-cash charge added back	+$560M	+$540M	+$507M	+$461M	+$416M
Stock-based compensationreal costnon-cash, but a real cost	+$14M	+$12M	+$13M	+$10M	+$10M
Working capital & othertiming of cash in and out, other non-cash items	+$93M	−$180M	+$296M	−$184M	−$1.4B
Cash from operations	$1.1B	$813M	$1.2B	$952M	($230M)
Maintenance capital expenditurethe spending needed just to hold position and volume	−$560M	−$540M	−$507M	−$461M	−$416M
Owner earnings	$577M	$273M	$726M	$492M	($646M)
Growth capital expenditurediscretionary; spent to get bigger, not to stand still	−$495M	−$551M	−$672M	−$590M	−$363M
Free cash flow	$83M	($278M)	$54M	($99M)	($1.0B)
Owner-earnings marginowner earnings ÷ revenue	18%	9%	28%	15%	-18%

Owner earnings is the cash an owner could pull out without starving the business: operating cash less the maintenance capital it must spend to hold its position (here about $560M, roughly its depreciation, the rate its assets wear out). The other $495M of its capital spending is growth it chose, not upkeep it owed; charged only with the maintenance it must do, the business earns well more than the year's free cash flow shows. The cash-flow statement also adds stock comp back as non-cash, but it is a real cost paid in shares; counted as the expense it is (less $14M), owner earnings is nearer $563M.

Maintenance capex is estimated as depreciation where a growing business invests above it; free cash flow is the figure the scorecard's free-cash margin reads.

III

Quality & stewardship

Returns, the balance sheet, capital allocation, and pay.

Owner’s Scorecard

FY2025 10-K · source on SEC EDGAR →

Will it survive?

Can it pay its interest? 3.0×

Adequate

Operating income $799M ÷ interest expense $270M

What this means
Comfortable in a normal year, but below the margin of safety Graham looked for. Worth checking how stable the coverage has been across a full cycle.
How heavy is the debt, net of cash? $5.4B · 6.7× operating profit

Heavy net debt

Cash $200K − debt $5.4B

What this means
Netting $200K of cash and short-term investments against $5.4B of debt leaves $5.4B owed, about 6.7× a year's operating profit. Net debt is the leverage figure that matters: the cash is already set against the debt. Strategic or illiquid investments aren't counted here.
How long is cash tied up? -29d

Negative, funded by others

DSO 40 + DIO 32 − DPO 102 days

What this means
Days cash is tied up between paying suppliers and collecting from customers. A negative cycle is a quiet moat: suppliers and customers fund the operation (Buffett's “float”), the company grows on other people's money.

Is it a good business?

Return on invested capital 6%

Below average through the cycle

9-yr median, range 5%–8%; 6% latest = NOPAT $671M ÷ invested capital $10.3B

Industry peers: median 5%

What this means
The rate the business earns on the money tied up in it, Buffett's north star, because over time a stock tracks the ROIC beneath it. Above ~15% sustained hints at a moat; a return below the cost of capital (~8%) erodes value as a business grows rather than building it — the test Buffett weighs most. The headline is the median of the last 9 years (it ran 6% most recently), so one peak or trough year doesn't set the verdict. Asset-light businesses (R&D expensed, little capital) read artificially high, pair this with Owner Earnings.
Owner-earnings margin 15%

High through the cycle

10-yr median margin, range -18%–28%; latest $577M = operating cash $1.1B − maintenance capex $560M

Industry peers: median 11%

What this means
What an owner could take out without starving the business: operating cash less the maintenance capital it must spend to hold its position — Buffett's owner earnings. That's 18% of revenue this year, a 15% median across 10 years. It chose to put $495M more into growth, so free cash flow this year was $83M — the gap is investment, not weakness. Treating stock comp as the real expense it is (less $14M of SBC) leaves $563M.
Are earnings backed by cash? 2.42×

Cash-backed

Cash from ops $1.1B ÷ net income $471M

What this means
How much of reported profit showed up as operating cash. Above 1× is reassuring; well below suggests earnings lean on accruals. One year is noisy, growth and working-capital swings distort it, and this is operating cash, not free cash. Watch the multi-year trend.

How is the cash used?

Where do the earnings go? 59%

Returns about half

Dividends + buybacks $342M ÷ Owner Earnings $577M

What this means
Of $577M Owner Earnings, $342M (59%) went back to shareholders, $342M dividends, $0 buybacks. Returning most of it is the mark of a mature business with little left to reinvest at a high return; reinvesting most could mean a long runway, or empire-building. The split doesn't say which; the return earned on it (see ROIC) does.
Investing or harvesting? 1.88×

Expanding

Capex $1.1B ÷ depreciation $560M

What this means
Descriptive, not a grade. Above ~1× means investing faster than assets wear out (growth, or, sustained for years, today's earnings carrying less depreciation than tomorrow's will). Below means spending less than it's wearing out (efficiency, or a melting asset base). The ratio won't tell you which; the filings will.

Graham’s defensive tests · 2 of 6 met

Graham’s numerical criteria for the defensive investor (The Intelligent Investor, ch. 14), run on the filings. A floor of safety, not a buy signal; many fine modern businesses fail his strictest liquidity rules by design.

Adequate size Pass

Revenue ≥ $2B · $3.2B

What this means
Big enough to weather a storm. Graham's 1972 floor was ~$100M of sales (≈ $700M today); we use a $2B revenue line as a conservative modern stand-in.
Strong liquidity Miss

Current ratio ≥ 2× · 0.78×

What this means
Current assets at least twice current liabilities, near-term bills covered without touching the business. Strict by design: many cash-rich modern firms run leaner and miss it, holding their cushion in longer-dated securities.
Conservative debt Miss

Debt ≤ working capital · $5.4B vs ($236M) WC

What this means
Graham's rule that borrowings not exceed net current assets. Capital-heavy and buyback-heavy firms routinely fail it, read it next to interest coverage, not alone.
Earnings stability Near

A profit every year (10-yr record) · 1 loss year

What this means
Graham wanted earnings in each of the past ten years, the stability a defensive owner leans on.
Dividend record Pass

Uninterrupted dividends · paid every year (10)

What this means
An unbroken dividend was Graham's mark of durability. He wanted twenty years; the filings show about ten, and a single suspension breaks the streak. Non-payers, many fine modern compounders, fall outside his defensive net by design.
Earnings growth Miss

Earnings +33% over the record · −4%

What this means
At least a third more earnings than a decade ago, averaging three years at each end. Net income (not per-share), so stock splits don't distort it, buybacks and dilution show up in the share-count line instead.
Moderate price —

P/E ≤ 15 and P/E × P/B ≤ 22.5 · decided by the price

What this means
Graham's valuation gate, the wall he kept between a sound business and a sound investment. Three-year average earnings are $2.15/share (latest year $2.28), the averaged base the calculator's gate runs on, and book value is $24.12/share. Enter a price in “What the price implies” just below for the P/E, P/B, and whether it clears. But this is the rule Buffett outgrew: there's no hard P/E law, and a wonderful business can deserve a far richer multiple if the thesis holds, treat it as the bargain-hunter's floor, not a verdict on the price.

Durability & moat, 2016–2025

Whether the record’s returns held, and what the capital reinvested earned.

Profitable years 9 of 10

What this means
Lost money in 1 year(s), look at what happened there before trusting the average.
Return on capital ≥ 15% 0 of 10 yrs

What this means
A moat shows up as a high return on invested capital that holds year after year, not one good vintage.
Operating margin 23% → 25% (3-yr avg ends)

What this means
Through the cycle the operating margin widened — about 23% early to 25% lately, median 23% — pricing power intact or improving.
Reinvestment, incremental ROIC 6%

What this means
Reinvested capital came back at only a modest incremental return — near the cost of capital, where extra growth adds little per dollar. The record shows whether it is a soft stretch or a thinning moat.
Owner earnings growth +0%/yr

What this means
Owner earnings grew about 0% a year over the record.
Worst year 2021 · 15.2% op. margin

What this means
Stayed profitable even in its hardest year, the resilience that survives recessions.
Share count +0.1%/yr

What this means
Roughly flat share count, little dilution, little buyback.
Dividend record rising

What this means
Paid and raised the dividend across the record, the continuity Graham prized.

Does AI threaten the moat?

Low contestability

The moat is physical, regulated or balance-sheet-funded, the kind AI cuts costs within but does not contest.

In its own filing Named as a competitive risk

Its FY2025 10-K names artificial intelligence as a competitive threat.

“We and our third-party vendors, many of whom leverage artificial intelligence capabilities, have been subject to, and will likely continue to be subject to, attempts to gain unauthorized access to systems and/or confidential data, or to disrupt operations.”

AI is unlikely to contest a moat that is physical, regulated or balance-sheet-funded; here it reads more as a cost tool than a threat.

Read from the filing's own risk factors, paired with the industry's structure under its SIC code; the durability is read above, the price below.

All figures as filed; the source filing is linked above.

Current Position

as of the latest quarter, Mar 31, 2026

Can the business pay what it owes this year, off the freshest balance sheet: the quality of the assets, the debt actually coming due, and what a low ratio means here.

Current assets$809M

Cash & short-term investments$200K
Receivables$305M
Inventory$109M
Other current assets$395M

Current liabilities$1.2B

Accounts payable$283M
Other current liabilities$949M

Current ratio0.66×all current assets ÷ what's due · Graham looked for 2×

Quick ratio0.57×stricter: inventory excluded

Cash ratio0.00×strictest: cash alone against what's due

Working capital($423M)the cushion left after near-term bills

Its current ratio is below 1, which usually reads as strain; here it is likely structural strength. This business collects from customers before it pays suppliers (a negative cash-conversion cycle), so the balance sheet is funded by that float, the way Costco's and Amazon's are. The low ratio can be the edge, not the risk; the cash-conversion cycle and the debt due above say which.

Revenue, latest quarter vs. a year ago+0.7%the freshest read on whether the business is still growing

Current ratio, recent quarters0.7× → 0.7×

Deeper floors

Tangible book value$4.9Bequity stripped of goodwill & intangibles

Net current asset value($8.7B)Graham's net-net: current assets less all liabilities

Debt incl. operating leases$5.4Bno operating-lease liability tagged this quarter, so debt alone

Deferred revenue$126Mcustomer cash collected before delivery; operating float

From the company's latest filing.

Debt maturity

the debt note, SEC EDGAR →

Not how much it owes, but when it falls due, and against what. The ladder the company files, beside cash on hand and a year's owner earnings.

'26$0

'27$0

'28$0

'29$350M

'30$0

Bars scaled to the largest single year.

Due in the next 12 months$0the first rung: what must be repaid or rolled over within the year

Within two years$0the near wall, the part most exposed to today’s credit conditions

Biggest single year$350Min 2029the lumpiest maturity, where a refinancing, if needed, is largest

Total scheduled principal$350Mevery year plus what lies beyond, as the footnote totals it

Maturity schedule extracted from the company’s Dec 31, 2025 annual report and reconciled to the total the table states.

How the cash was used, 2016–2025

Over the record, the business generated $7.7B of operating cash; how management split it reads as a reinvestor, most operating cash is plowed back into the business.

Reinvested$8.5B · 111%
Dividends$3.0B · 39%

Returned to owners$3.0B
86% of the owner earnings the business produced over the span, $3.0B as dividends and $0 as buybacks.
Source of funding−$3.8B
Reinvestment and shareholder returns ran $3.8B beyond the operating cash the business generated, so the gap was financed off the balance sheet: debt rose from $2.6B to $5.4B.
Net change in share count3.7%
The diluted count rose from 200M to 207M: issuance (stock pay, deals) outran any buybacks, so owners were diluted on net.
Dividend record$1.69/sh
Paid in 10 of the years on record, the per-share dividend growing about 5% a year. It was never cut over the span.
Return on what it retained3%
Of the earnings it kept rather than paid out ($1.3B over the span), annual owner earnings (first three years vs last three) grew $41M, so each retained $1 added about 0.03 of yearly owner earnings. Buffett's test, run on owner earnings instead of market value.

Buybacks are gross of stock issued to staff; the share-count line above is the net of that, the figure that decides whether owners gained. The average price paid blends a year of purchases (and any accelerated repurchase), so it is close, not exact. The record of where the cash went and on what terms.

Management, ownership & pay

read the proxy →

From the proxy: how much of the business the people running it own, and how they are paid, beside what the business earned for its owners in the same years.

Fiscal year	Chief executive	Pay, as filed	“Actually paid”	Owner earnings
2021	Sean Trauschke	$8.0M	$9.1M	($646M)
2022	Sean Trauschke	$7.3M	$10.9M	$492M
2023	Sean Trauschke	$8.4M	$6.8M	$726M
2024	Sean Trauschke	$10.1M	$15.3M	$273M
2025	Sean Trauschke	$12.0M	$8.1M	$577M

Both pay figures are the company’s own, from the pay-versus-performance table its proxy statement files. “As filed” is the Summary Compensation Table total: salary, bonus, and equity awards at their value on the day of grant. “Actually paid” is the SEC’s prescribed recalculation, which re-marks those equity awards to what they became as they vested; it can swing far above or below the filed figure in either direction, and negative years occur. Owner earnings are the whole business's, from the record above, for the same fiscal years.

CEO pay ratio83:1
What the chief earns for every dollar the median employee makes, per the 2026 proxy. A high ratio alone settles nothing; some businesses are genuinely top-heavy in scarce skill. A runaway figure is where Buffett starts asking whether the board is doing its job.
Stock-based compensation$14M
The slice of the business handed to employees in shares this year, 0% of revenue, equal to 2% of operating profit. Buffett's oldest accounting fight: this is compensation, compensation is an expense, real whether or not the headline earnings admit it. One trap: the cash-flow statement adds SBC back, so the operating cash, and the owner earnings drawn from it, are flattered by exactly this amount; counted as the cost it is, what an owner keeps is lower.

Inverting the record

Invert: instead of why OGE Energy is a good business, the question is what would make owning it a mistake, and whether those marks are in the record. Disconfirming tests across 2016–2025.

3 of the 5 tests turned up something to look into; the other 2 came back clean.

Look hereIs it less profitable than it was?18.4% vs 21.6%
The owner-earnings margin averaged 21.6% early in the record and 18.4% across the last three years, and the latest year has not recovered. Ask the filing whether that is a structural drift or a cyclical trough — price, mix, cost, or a competitor — and whether it is permanent.
Look hereDid the share count rise anyway?3.7%
Diluted shares grew 3.7% over 2016–2025. Owners were diluted on net; each share owns less of the business than it did. Read the buyback line beside this one, not on its own.
Look hereDid debt outgrow the business?$2.6B → $5.4B
Debt rose from $2.6B to $5.4B while owner earnings went from about $484M to $525M — about 5.4 years of owner earnings in debt then, about 10 now: measured against what the business earns, the balance sheet carries more debt than it did. Debt raised for buybacks or deals rather than growth is the kind that bites in a downturn.

And these came back clean

Did reported profit become cash?
Did receivables and inventory outpace sales?

Each test is read from the filings and is noisy alone; a flag can mark a cyclical trough or a year of heavy investment as easily as a problem. The filing says which.

What an owner would ask, FY2025

read the 10-K →

Which reported numbers are a judgment call?
Management names Pension & retirement, Income taxes as critical estimates
each rests partly on management's judgment; the filing's note sets out the assumptionsverify →

The questions the record and the charts do not answer on their own; each carries the figure and the place to look.

Peers, Electric Utilities

The same industry, side by side on owner economics. Each figure is a through-cycle median, so a peak or trough year can’t distort it; the group median at the foot is the line to read each against.

Company	Revenue	Gross margin	Op. margin	ROIC	Owner earn. margin
PNWPinnacle West	$5.3B	71%	20.5%	6%	11%
PORPortland General Electric	$3.6B	—	15.6%	5%	9%
OGEOGE Energy	$3.2B	61%	23.5%	6%	15%
HEHawaiian Electric Industries Inc.	$3.1B	—	11.9%	6%	7%
TLNTalen Energy Corporation	$2.6B	—	3.5%	2%	4%
BKHBlack Hills	$2.3B	—	23.0%	6%	17%
PNMPNM Resources	$2.1B	—	18.3%	5%	11%
CWENClearway Energy Inc.	$1.4B	67%	21.6%	2%	36%
Group median	—	67%	19.4%	6%	11%

The price

What a price has to assume.

What the price implies

reverse-DCF

Type today's close and see the owner-earnings growth you'd have to believe to justify it, beside what OGE Energy has delivered.

OGE Energy’s latest year runs above its own through-cycle margin — the reported figure may flatter a peak. So the tool opens on the through-cycle base, Graham’s averaging cutting both ways; clear the toggle below to read the latest year exactly as reported.

Today’s price $

Through the cycle, OGE Energy earns about $487M on its 15.3% median owner-earnings margin. This year’s 18.1% margin runs above that; the reported figure may flatter a peak you'd be paying on. Normalize, below, values the price on that through-cycle figure rather than the latest year. It comes pre-checked here for that reason, the same rule that already normalizes a trough; clear it to price the year as filed.

Base Normalize · through-cycle ($487M) Net of stock comp (−$15M) Steady-state · maintenance capex ($737M)

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The assumptions Required return 9% Years of high growth 10 Terminal growth 2.5%

9.0% = the 4.55% 10-year Treasury (Jul 15, 2026) + 4.45 points of equity premium. The rate you require is yours to set.

Enter a price above to run it.

Implied by the price—

Owner-earnings growth, delivered—

Owner-earnings yield—

P/E (3-yr earnings ’23–’25)—

P/B—

Graham’s price gate—

Graham capped the multiple at 15×; Buffett and Munger let that rule go: a wonderful business can deserve 50× if the thesis holds. The gate marks the bargain-hunter's floor.

Against a high-grade bond: Graham’s yardstick bond yield%

Prefilled with the 10-year Treasury (4.55%, as of Jul 15, 2026). Edit it for today’s exact figure, or a AAA corporate yield.

Graham measured a stock against the bond you could own instead, the heart of his margin of safety. Enter a price above to weigh the owner-earnings yield against this bond.

Free cash flow $225M on 206M shares outstanding, per the 10-Q cover, as of 2026-03-31; net debt $5.4B. The base opens on the through-cycle figure (the latest year sits above the record’s own median, and Graham’s averaging cuts both ways); clear Normalize to use the year as filed. Net of stock comp treats option pay as the expense it is. Capex ($1.1B) runs well above depreciation ($559M), so this is a build-out; Steady-state swaps total capex for maintenance (≈ depreciation), lifting the base to about $737M, the cash it would throw off if it stopped expanding. The dials set the multiple a growth belief justifies; the price, and every dollar on this page, is yours.

Weigh OGE against another business →

The owners of OGE: the meeting and the votes →

Cite: Owner Scorecard, "OGE Energy (OGE), the owner's record," https://ownerscorecard.com/c/OGE, data as of 2026-07-09.

Manual order: ← OFIX its page in the Manual OGN →

Industry order: ← NRG the Electric Utilities chapter ORA →