Share count
289Mpeak FY2016
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STT, State Street Corporation
Banks financial
State Street Corporation is one of the world's leading providers of financial services to institutional investors, including investment servicing, markets and financing solutions and investment management.
Our clients — asset managers and owners, insurance companies, wealth managers, official institutions and central banks — rely on us to deliver solutions that support their business objectives across the investment life cycle.
Leveraging our strength and scale, innovation and platforms, and industry expertise, we are an essential partner to our clients.
The business
What it sells, where the money comes from, the kind of company it is.
Revenue · FY2025
$13.9B
+6.6% YoY · 4% 5-yr CAGR
Vital signs · TTM, with 5-yr average
Revenue $14.5B 5-yr avg $12.7B
Revenue $3.8B +15.6% vs yr-ago qtr
Net income $705M yr-ago $597M
Net margin 18.6% yr-ago 18.2%
The business in brief
read the 10-K →What this business is and what moves its needle, from its own SEC filings.
- What it is
- Revenue is led by Servicing fees (38%) and Net interest income (21%), with 5 more lines behind.
- What moves the needle
- Net interest margin, loan losses, and book value. A lender is read on the quality of its balance sheet, not an earnings multiple, and the worst year of credit losses matters more than the best. On its own account, the filing leans hardest on customer concentration, set against the numbers in what the filing emphasizes, below.
- Is it a good business?
- Return on equity has sat below the cost of equity (median 10%, above 12% in only 0 of 10 years). It runs at a 73% efficiency ratio, on the heavy side. The cycle and the loan book decide this one; weigh the recession years in the record, not the average, and read the 10-K.
Every line is arithmetic on the company's filings, shown in full in the sections below.
Where the money comes from
read the 10-K →Revenue spreads across 7 lines, the largest Servicing fees at 38%.
Revenue by product line, FY2025
- Servicing fees38%$5.3B
- Net interest income21%$3.0B
- Management fees17%$2.4B
- Foreign exchange trading services12%$1.6B
- Software and processing fees6%$903M
- Securities finance4%$505M
- Other2%$240M
By geographyUnited States57%International43%
From the segment footnote of the company's own 10-K. Shares are of total revenue; the profit bar shows each segment's share of segment operating profit, before unallocated corporate costs.
The record
Ten years of arithmetic, read across the cycle.
The record, 2016–2025
realized figures from each filing · older years to the left| 2016’16 | 2017’17 | 2018’18 | 2019’19 | 2020’20 | 2021’21 | 2022’22 | 2023’23 | 2024’24 | 2025’25 | TTMTTMMar 2026 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income statement | |||||||||||
| $10.2B | $11.3B | $12.1B | $11.8B | $11.7B | $12.0B | $12.2B | $12.2B | $13.1B | $13.9B | $14.5B | RevenueRevenue |
| $2.1B | $2.3B | $2.7B | $2.6B | $2.2B | $1.9B | $2.5B | $2.8B | $2.9B | $3.0B | $3.1B | Net interest incomeNet int. |
| $8.1B | $9.0B | $9.5B | $9.1B | $9.5B | $10.0B | $9.6B | $9.5B | $10.2B | $11.0B | $11.4B | Noninterest incomeFee inc. |
| $10M | $2M | $15M | $10M | $88M | ($33M) | — | — | — | — | ($24M) | Credit-loss provisionProvision |
| $2.1B | $2.2B | $2.6B | $2.2B | $2.4B | $2.7B | $2.8B | $1.9B | $2.7B | $2.9B | $3.1B | Net incomeNet inc. |
| -1% | 28% | 16% | 17% | 17% | 15% | 17% | 16% | 21% | 21% | 21% | Effective tax rateTax rate |
| Cash flow & returns | |||||||||||
| 0.9% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 0.9% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 0.8% | Return on assetsROA |
| 10% | 10% | 10% | 9% | 9% | 10% | 11% | 8% | 11% | 11% | 11% | Return on equityROE |
| 7% | 6% | 7% | 5% | 6% | 7% | 7% | 4% | 7% | 7% | 7% | Retained to equityRetained/eq |
| 16% | 15% | 17% | 15% | 14% | 15% | 17% | 13% | 16% | 16% | 16% | Return on tangible equityROTCE |
| 79% | 73% | 74% | 77% | 75% | 75% | 72% | 78% | 73% | 73% | 73% | Efficiency ratioEffic. |
| Balance sheet | |||||||||||
| $242.7B | $238.4B | $244.6B | $245.6B | $314.7B | $314.6B | $301.4B | $297.3B | $353.2B | $366.0B | $392.2B | Total assetsAssets |
| $187.2B | $184.9B | $180.4B | $181.9B | $239.8B | $255.0B | $235.5B | $221.0B | $261.9B | $274.4B | $293.3B | DepositsDeposits |
| $5.8B | $6.0B | $7.4B | $7.6B | $7.7B | $7.6B | $7.5B | $7.6B | $7.7B | $8.2B | $8.1B | GoodwillGoodwill |
| $21.2B | $22.3B | $24.7B | $24.4B | $26.2B | $27.4B | $25.2B | $23.8B | $25.3B | $27.8B | $27.7B | Shareholders’ equityEquity |
| Per share | |||||||||||
| 396M | 380M | 376M | 374M | 357M | 358M | 370M | 327M | 302M | 289M | 283M | Shares out (diluted)Shares |
| $5.41 | $5.67 | $6.89 | $6.00 | $6.78 | $7.52 | $7.50 | $5.95 | $8.89 | $10.19 | $10.84 | EPS (diluted)EPS |
| $1.83 | $2.02 | $2.20 | $2.49 | $2.49 | $2.42 | $2.63 | $2.97 | $3.42 | $3.88 | $4.05 | Dividends / shareDiv/sh |
| $53.51 | $58.57 | $65.71 | $65.38 | $73.37 | $76.44 | $68.06 | $72.88 | $83.80 | $96.33 | $98.07 | Book value / shareBVPS |
| $34.41 | $38.49 | $39.64 | $39.73 | $46.74 | $50.08 | $43.64 | $45.53 | $54.75 | $64.86 | $66.28 | Tangible book / shareTBVPS |
Per-share growththe realized rate an owner's share compounded
| 9-yr | 5-yr | |
|---|---|---|
| Revenue / share | +7.2%/yr | +8.0%/yr |
| Owner earnings / share | +26.8%/yr | +36.2%/yr |
| EPS | +7.3%/yr | +8.5%/yr |
| Dividends / share | +8.7%/yr | +9.3%/yr |
| Capital spending / share | +10.0%/yr | +18.4%/yr |
| Book value / share | +6.8%/yr | +5.6%/yr |
The year, in the company's words
the filing →Verbatim from the 10-K's management discussion. Each sentence is shown only because its subject, direction, and stated figures check out against the filed numbers on this page. The words are the company's; the arithmetic is the record's.
- Foreign exchange trading services+15.2%
“Foreign exchange trading services revenue, as presented in Table 2: Total Revenue, increased 15% in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to higher volumes supported by client franchise growth and higher currency volatility in the first half of 2025.”
✓ figure matches the filed record - Software and processing fees+1.7%
“Software and processing fees revenue, as presented in Table 2: Total Revenue, increased 2% in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to higher front office software and data revenue associated with CRD.”
✓ figure matches the filed record - Securities finance+15.3%
“Securities finance revenue, as presented in Table 2: Total Revenue, increased 15% in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to higher client lending balances.”
✓ figure matches the filed record
The record, charted
FY2016–2025Each measure over its full record; the current point and the worst year marked.
Revenue
$13.9Blow FY2016
Quality & stewardship
Returns, the balance sheet, capital allocation, and pay.
Owner’s Scorecard
FY2025 10-K · source on SEC EDGAR →
Is it a good business?
- Return on equity 11%AdequateNet income $2.9B ÷ equity $27.8BIndustry peers: median 10%
What this means
The bank's north star, what it earns on shareholders' capital. Cost of equity is roughly 10%, so a return durably above that builds value and below it destroys it. One year is noisy; the durability across a full credit cycle is what counts.
- StrongNet income ÷ (equity − goodwill $8.2B − intangibles $935M)Industry peers: median 13%
What this means
The cleaner return, stripping out the goodwill paid for past acquisitions. This is the number a buyer of the whole bank actually earns on the hard capital.
- Efficiency ratio 73%AverageNoninterest expense $10.2B ÷ (net interest income + fees)Industry peers: median 63%
What this means
The share of revenue eaten by running costs; lower is better, and below about 60% marks a genuinely efficient operation. A low ratio held for years is the operational side of a moat.
Is it sound?
- Capital (equity / assets) 7.6%ModestEquity $27.8B ÷ assets $366.0B
What this means
A plain-English leverage read: how much of the balance sheet is the owners' own money. This is a rough proxy; the regulatory figure is the CET1 ratio, which is risk-weighted and reported in the filing. The point is the same, how much loss the bank can absorb before depositors are at risk.
- Deposit funding 75%Deposit-fundedDeposits $274.4B ÷ assets $366.0B
What this means
Low-cost, sticky deposits are a bank's real moat, the cheap raw material it lends out at a spread. A bank funded mostly by deposits earns more durably than one that rents its money in the wholesale market.
- Credit cost (provision / NII) -1%Net reserve releaseProvision for credit losses ($33M) ÷ net interest income $3.0B
What this means
What the bank set aside this year against loans going bad, as a share of its lending income. This swings hard with the cycle, low in good years and spiking in recessions, so read it across the record, not in one year. Disciplined underwriting shows up as low, stable provisions through a downturn.
Does AI threaten the moat?
Low contestabilityThe moat is physical, regulated or balance-sheet-funded, the kind AI cuts costs within but does not contest.
In its own filing A competitive risk, new this year
Its FY2025 10-K names artificial intelligence as a competitive threat, in language that was not in the prior year's filing.
“For example, the adoption and implementation of evolving and emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and distributed ledger technology, and related regulatory frameworks, have the potential to disrupt materially the activities of the financial services industry, the operation of financial markets, proces…”
AI is unlikely to contest a moat that is physical, regulated or balance-sheet-funded; here it reads more as a cost tool than a threat, and the company is using it that way.
Read from the filing's own risk factors, paired with the industry's structure under its SIC code; the durability is read above, the price below.
All figures as filed; the source filing is linked above.
Management, ownership & pay
read the proxy →From the proxy: how much of the business the people running it own, and how they are paid, beside what the business earned for its owners in the same years.
| Fiscal year | Chief executive | Pay, as filed | “Actually paid” | Owner earnings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Mr. O’Hanley | $14.1M | $22.7M | ($7.3B) |
| 2022 | Mr. O’Hanley | $18.0M | $10.1M | $11.4B |
| 2023 | Mr. O’Hanley | $13.4M | $10.6M | $138M |
| 2024 | Mr. O’Hanley | $16.7M | $28.2M | ($13.8B) |
| 2025 | Mr. O’Hanley | $19.5M | $43.1M | $11.3B |
Both pay figures are the company’s own, from the pay-versus-performance table its proxy statement files. “As filed” is the Summary Compensation Table total: salary, bonus, and equity awards at their value on the day of grant. “Actually paid” is the SEC’s prescribed recalculation, which re-marks those equity awards to what they became as they vested; it can swing far above or below the filed figure in either direction, and negative years occur. Owner earnings are the whole business's, from the record above, for the same fiscal years.
Peers, Banks
The same industry, side by side on the bank lens. Each figure is a through-cycle median, so a peak or trough year can’t distort it; the group median at the foot is the line to read each against.
| Company | Revenue | ROE | ROTCE | Efficiency | NII / assets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BKTHE Bank of NEW York Mellon Corporation | $20.1B | 10% | 20% | 69% | 0.9% |
| STTState Street Corporation | $13.9B | 10% | 15% | 74% | 0.9% |
| MTBM&T Bank Corporation | $9.7B | 9% | 13% | 57% | 3.2% |
| FCNCAFirst Citizens BancShares Inc. | $9.5B | 12% | 13% | 64% | 3.0% |
| FITBFifth Third Bancorp | $9.0B | 12% | 16% | 58% | 2.7% |
| CFGCitizens Financial Group Inc. | $8.2B | 8% | 11% | 61% | 2.6% |
| NTRSNorthern Trust Corporation | $8.1B | 12% | 13% | 70% | 1.2% |
| ALLYAlly Financial Inc. | $7.9B | 8% | 8% | — | — |
| Group median | — | 10% | 13% | 64% | 2.6% |
The price
What a price has to assume.
What the price implies
price / tangible bookA bank is worth a multiple of its tangible book value, and the multiple it deserves is set by the return it earns on that book. Type today’s price; we show what you would be paying against what State Street Corporation’s record justifies.
$
The assumptions
Tangible book / share, delivered6%/yr’20→’25
The justified multiple is (return on tangible equity − growth) ÷ (cost of equity − growth). A bank earning exactly its cost of equity is worth about one times tangible book; the premium above that prices each point of durable excess return. A higher cost of equity lowers the justified multiple for a bank.
Enter a price above to run it.
Price / tangible book—
Justified by the return—
Normalized return on tangible equity15%
Price / book—
Earnings yield—
P/E (3-yr avg ’23–’25)—
Graham’s price gate—
Graham applied the same standards to financial enterprises (Intelligent Investor ch.14): the 15× multiple cap on averaged earnings, and P/E times price-to-book at most 22.5. The gate marks the bargain-hunter’s floor, not a verdict.
A dated snapshot of the price you typed, the assumptions you set, and what the page showed for them. A snapshot is never edited after it is saved. Your notebook is yours alone — the commitment states what is stored and what we will never do.
Tangible book $18.7B on 277M shares, a 15% normalized return on it. The dials set the multiple such a return would justify; your price sets the multiple you are paying. It assumes the bank keeps earning that return; a credit cycle, a rate shock or a bad acquisition changes it, which is what the record and the 10-K are for.
Cite: Owner Scorecard, "State Street Corporation (STT), the owner's record," https://ownerscorecard.com/c/STT, data as of 2026-07-09.
Manual order: ← STRZ its page in the Manual STTK →
Industry order: ← STEL the Banks chapter SUPV →