Owner Scorecard


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RYET, Ruanyun Edai Technology Inc.

Software asset-light Unprofitable

A software business, earning high margins on code once it is written.

Latest annual: FY2025 20-F · US listing is the ordinary share
RYET · Ruanyun Edai Technology Inc.
I

The business

What it sells, where the money comes from, the kind of company it is.

Revenue · FY2025
$7M
−27.0% YoY
Vital signs · TTM, with 2-yr average
Revenue $7M 2-yr avg $8M
Gross margin 57% 2-yr avg 44%
Operating margin −7.3% 2-yr avg −15.2%
Owner-earnings margin −29% 2-yr avg −19%
Free cash flow margin −29% 2-yr avg −19%

The business in brief

read the 10-K →

What this business is and what moves its needle, from its own SEC filings.

Situation
Unprofitable. No meaningful revenue yet; the record is the cash on hand against the burn.
What moves the needle
Retention and the cost of growth. What decides it: whether customers expand rather than churn, how much of revenue is spent winning the next one, and whether software's gross margin holds as it scales. On its own account, the filing leans hardest on customer concentration, set against the numbers in what the filing emphasizes, below.

Every line is arithmetic on the company's filings, shown in full in the sections below.

II

The record

Ten years of arithmetic, read across the cycle.

Net income is the accountant's number; owner earnings is the cash an owner could take out. The walk between them, off the cash-flow statement, and whether the gap is widening or holding.

In fiscal 2025 the business reported a $520K loss but ($2M) of owner earnings: $1M less than the profit line, taken out by capital spending and the timing of cash.

FY2025FY2024
Reported net income($520K)($2M)
Depreciation & amortizationnon-cash charge added back+$241K+$415K
Working capital & othertiming of cash in and out, other non-cash items−$2M+$890K
Cash from operations($2M)($799K)
Capital expenditurecash put back in to keep running and to grow−$144K−$4K
Owner earnings($2M)($804K)
Owner-earnings marginowner earnings ÷ revenue-29%-9%

Owner earnings is the cash an owner could pull out without starving the business: operating cash less the capital it must spend to hold its position .

Maintenance capex is estimated as depreciation where a growing business invests above it; free cash flow is the figure the scorecard's free-cash margin reads.

III

Quality & stewardship

Returns, the balance sheet, capital allocation, and pay.

Owner’s Scorecard

FY2025 20-F · source on SEC EDGAR →

Will it survive?

  • No meaningful interest burden
    Little or no interest expense reported
    What this means

    Little or no interest expense reported, the business isn't leaning on lenders to operate.

  • Not enough data
    What this means

    The filing data didn't include the inputs for this check.

  • Tight
    DSO 181 + DIO 7 − DPO 136 days
    What this means

    Days cash is tied up between paying suppliers and collecting from customers. Lower is better; a long cycle means growth itself eats cash.

Is it a good business?

  • Not enough data
    Industry peers: median -18%
    What this means

    The filing data didn't include the inputs for this check.

  • Consumes cash
    Owner earnings ($2M) = operating cash ($2M) − maintenance capex $144K
    Industry peers: median -161%
    What this means

    What an owner could take out without starving the business: operating cash less the maintenance capital it must spend to hold its position — Buffett's owner earnings. That's -29% of revenue this year.

  • Loss, and burning cash
    Net income ($520K) · cash from operations ($2M)
    What this means

    The company reported a net loss, so a conversion ratio isn't meaningful. What matters then is whether operations still threw off cash, here, they did not.

How is the cash used?

  • Not enough data
    What this means

    The filing data didn't include the inputs for this check.

  • Investing or harvesting? 0.60×
    Harvesting
    Capex $144K ÷ depreciation $241K
    What this means

    Descriptive, not a grade. Above ~1× means investing faster than assets wear out (growth, or, sustained for years, today's earnings carrying less depreciation than tomorrow's will). Below means spending less than it's wearing out (efficiency, or a melting asset base). The ratio won't tell you which; the filings will.

Graham’s defensive tests · 0 of 2 met

Graham’s numerical criteria for the defensive investor (The Intelligent Investor, ch. 14), run on the filings. A floor of safety, not a buy signal; many fine modern businesses fail his strictest liquidity rules by design.

  • Adequate size Miss
    Revenue ≥ $2B · $7M
    What this means

    Big enough to weather a storm. Graham's 1972 floor was ~$100M of sales (≈ $700M today); we use a $2B revenue line as a conservative modern stand-in.

  • Strong liquidity Miss
    Current ratio ≥ 2× · 0.67×
    What this means

    Current assets at least twice current liabilities, near-term bills covered without touching the business. Strict by design: many cash-rich modern firms run leaner and miss it, holding their cushion in longer-dated securities.

  • Moderate price
    P/E ≤ 15 and P/E × P/B ≤ 22.5 · decided by the price
    What this means

    Graham's valuation gate, the wall he kept between a sound business and a sound investment. Three-year average earnings are $-0.04/share (latest year $-0.02), the averaged base the calculator's gate runs on, and book value is $-0.01/share. Enter a price in “What the price implies” just below for the P/E, P/B, and whether it clears. But this is the rule Buffett outgrew: there's no hard P/E law, and a wonderful business can deserve a far richer multiple if the thesis holds, treat it as the bargain-hunter's floor, not a verdict on the price.

Does AI threaten the moat?

Elevated contestability

The product is software or information, the very thing capable AI now produces more cheaply, so the moat is more contestable than the record alone implies.

In its own filing Raised, but not as a competitor

The filing raises AI among its risks, but in other terms (security, regulation, energy or the like), not as a competitor to its product; it frames AI mainly as a capability.

AI has collapsed the cost of building a capable substitute for the very thing this business sells. When a credible alternative can be assembled for a fraction of the incumbent's price, it is pricing power that erodes first, not revenue tomorrow. The live question is whether the moat survives that, not whether it held in the past. Whether that question is answerable at all is yours to decide, against your own circle of competence.

Read from the filing's own risk factors, paired with the industry's structure under its SIC code; the durability is read above, the price below.

All figures as filed; the source filing is linked above.

Current Position

as of fiscal year-end, Mar 31, 2025

Can the business pay what it owes this year, off the freshest balance sheet: the quality of the assets, the debt actually coming due, and what a low ratio means here.

Current assets$4M
  • Receivables$3M
  • Inventory$59K
  • Other current assets$910K
Current liabilities$6M
  • Accounts payable$1M
  • Other current liabilities$5M
Current ratio0.67×all current assets ÷ what's due · Graham looked for 2×
Quick ratio0.66×stricter: inventory excluded
Cash ratio0.00×strictest: cash alone against what's due
Working capital($2M)the cushion left after near-term bills
Deeper floors
Tangible book value($162K)equity stripped of goodwill & intangibles
Net current asset value($2M)Graham's net-net: current assets less all liabilities

From the company's latest filing.

Peers, Software

The same industry, side by side on owner economics. Each figure is a through-cycle median, so a peak or trough year can’t distort it; the group median at the foot is the line to read each against.

CompanyRevenueGross marginOp. marginROICOwner earn. margin
QXLQuantum X Labs Inc.$27M95%-9.4%-2%3%
GEGGLGreat Elm Group, Inc.$16M93%-46.5%-12%-3%
NXTTNext Technology Holding Inc.$12M59%-24.0%-1%-29%
RYETRuanyun Edai Technology Inc.$7M57%-7.3%-29%
PDYNPalladyne AI Corp.$5M30%-916.4%-333%-500%
DJTTrump Media & Technology Group Corp.$4M55%-3360.9%-18%-943%
ODYSOdysight.ai Inc.$3M29%-593.1%-442%-584%
PHUNPhunware Inc.$3M51%-175.0%-124%-161%
Group median56%-110.7%-95%
IV

The price

What a price has to assume.

What the price implies

reverse-DCF

Enter the US price, in dollars: the NYSE/Nasdaq quote you hold. Ruanyun Edai Technology Inc.'s US listing is the ordinary share itself. The record tables elsewhere on this page remain as filed.

Ruanyun Edai Technology Inc. is profitable, but owner earnings are negative this year because capital spending currently outruns operating cash, a build-out, so the owner-earnings reverse-DCF has no positive base to grow. We read the price from both ends instead: type a price to see the steady-state profitability it demands, then set the mature margin you would believe and weigh the two against each other. Nothing leaves your browser unless you enter it in your notebook.

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The assumptions

Enter a price to run it.

Owner earnings it must reach
Margin the price demands
Owner-earnings margin today−29%

Two reads of one future. From your price: the owner earnings the company must reach, valued at a mature multiple and discounted back at your rate, expressed as the margin it implies on revenue grown at your rate. From your belief: the mature margin you would credit, set on the dial above. When the margin the price demands runs above the one you would believe, you are paying for a future taken on faith. For a deep cyclical at a trough, normalized through-cycle earnings are the better lens; this mode is for the genuinely unprofitable, and for the profitable business whose capital spending currently outruns its cash.

Cite: Owner Scorecard, "Ruanyun Edai Technology Inc. (RYET), the owner's record," https://ownerscorecard.com/c/RYET, data as of 2026-07-09.

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