Owner Scorecard


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SNDA, Sonida Senior Living Inc.

Health Care Providers & Services capital-intensive UnprofitableDistress / turnaroundCyclical

Sonida Senior Living, Inc. is a leading owner, operator and investor in senior housing communities in the United States in terms of resident capacity.

We primarily provide residential housing and services to people aged 75 years and older, including independent living, assisted living, and memory care services.

The CHP Merger more than doubles our owned units to approximately 14,700 and strengthens our presence in the South, Southeast and Midwest, while strategically expanding our national exposure to attractive markets in the Mountain West and Pacific Northwest.

Latest annual: FY2025 10-K
SNDA · Sonida Senior Living Inc.
I

The business

What it sells, where the money comes from, the kind of company it is.

Revenue · FY2025
$381M
+25.2% YoY · −0% 5-yr CAGR
Vital signs · TTM, with 5-yr average
Revenue $412M 5-yr avg $283M
Operating margin 17.9% 5-yr avg 0.8%
Owner-earnings margin −11% 5-yr avg −8%
Free cash flow margin −11% 5-yr avg −8%

The business in brief

read the 10-K →

What this business is and what moves its needle, from its own SEC filings.

Situation
Unprofitable. No sustained operating profit across the record; an earnings multiple has nothing to rest on. What the record does show is revenue, the gross-margin trajectory, and the burn against the cash on hand. Distress / turnaround. Thin interest coverage, or operating cash burned against real debt, across the record. The balance sheet carries this situation; the debt schedule sets the clock. Cyclical. Margins collapse and recover repeatedly across the record; a single year, good or bad, misstates the through-cycle earning power.
What moves the needle
Operating margin has reached 23% at its best but run negative through the cycle (median −3.3%) — so the question is which reading is truer: whether the median was pulled below zero by one-off charges, by the cycle, or by spending it is still growing into, and whether it settles back at a profit. Read this kind of business on volume, payer mix and reimbursement. On its own account, the filing leans hardest on pricing power & competition, set against the numbers in what the filing emphasizes, below.
Is it a good business?
Return on capital has rarely cleared the cost of capital (median −4%, above 15% in 0 of 7 years). Owner earnings, the cash-based check, have been thin too. The cycle and the balance sheet decide this one; the worst year tells more than the median, and the rest is in the 10-K.

Every line is arithmetic on the company's filings, shown in full in the sections below.

II

The record

Ten years of arithmetic, read across the cycle.

The record, 2016–2025

realized figures from each filing · older years to the left
2016’162017’172018’182019’192020’202021’212022’222023’232024’242025’25TTMTTMMar 2026
Income statement
$447M$467M$460M$447M$384M$235M$238M$255M$304M$381M$412MRevenueRevenue
5%5%6%6%7%14%13%13%11%10%10%SG&A / revenueSG&A/rev
$14M$8M$8M($15M)($56M)($40M)($31M)$58M$69M($42M)$74MOperating incomeOp. inc.
3.2%1.7%1.7%−3.3%−14.5%−17.1%−13.0%22.7%22.6%−11.1%17.9%Operating marginOp. mgn
($28M)($44M)($54M)($36M)($295M)$126M($54M)($21M)($2M)($71M)($99M)Net incomeNet inc.
Cash flow & returns
$52M$56M$37M$5M($7M)($29M)($3M)$11M($2M)$24M($15M)Operating cash flowOp. cash
$60M$66M$63M$64M$60M$38M$38M$40M$44M$57M$63MDepreciationDeprec.
$8M$26M$19M($25M)$227M($195M)$9M($11M)($48M)$33M$15MWorking capital & otherWC & other
$62M$40M$22M$20M$16M$10M$25M$18M$25M$33M$32MCapexCapex
13.9%8.6%4.8%4.5%4.1%4.4%10.3%7.0%8.3%8.7%7.7%Capex / revenueCapex/rev
($10M)$16M$15M($15M)($22M)($39M)($27M)($7M)($27M)($9M)($47M)Owner earningsOwner earn.
−2.3%3.3%3.2%−3.4%−5.8%−16.7%−11.4%−2.8%−8.9%−2.3%−11.4%Owner earnings marginOE mgn
($10M)$16M$15M($15M)($22M)($39M)($27M)($7M)($27M)($9M)($47M)Free cash flowFCF
−2.3%3.3%3.2%−3.4%−5.8%−16.7%−11.4%−2.8%−8.9%−2.3%−11.4%Free cash flow marginFCF mgn
$139M$85M$85MAcquisitionsAcquis.
14%10%-1%-7%-7%-4%-5%ROICROIC
-24%-55%-152%-251%-3%-11%Return on equityROE
−24%−55%−152%−251%−3%−11%Retained to equityRetained/eq
Balance sheet
$34M$18M$31M$24M$18M$79M$17M$4M$17M$11M$84MCash & investmentsCash+inv
$14M$12M$11M$8M$6M$4M$6M$8M$19M$19M$26MReceivablesReceiv.
$5M$8M$9M$10M$15M$9M$7M$11M$9M$5M$18MAccounts payablePayables
$9M$5M$1M($2M)($9M)($5M)($1M)($3M)$10M$14M$8MOperating working capitalOper. WC
$82M$64M$73M$63M$43M$106M$44M$32M$64M$78M$147MCurrent assetsCur. assets
$81M$87M$85M$129M$373M$120M$94M$101M$76M$105M$334MCurrent liabilitiesCur. liab.
1.0×0.7×0.9×0.5×0.1×0.9×0.5×0.3×0.8×0.7×0.4×Current ratioCurr. ratio
$1.1B$1.2B$1.1B$1.3B$703M$729M$661M$621M$842M$845M$2.6BTotal assetsAssets
$927M$910M$683M$671M$629M$651M$690M$1.6BTotal debtDebt
$903M$892M$604M$654M$625M$634M$679M$1.5BNet debt / (cash)Net debt
-0.3×-1.2×-1.1×-0.9×1.6×1.9×-1.1×1.8×Interest coverageInt. cov.
$117M$80M$35M$14M($279M)($47M)($102M)($115M)$72M($11K)$885MShareholders’ equityEquity
2.6%1.6%1.8%0.6%0.4%1.2%1.8%1.1%1.4%1.3%1.6%Stock comp / revenueSBC/rev
Per share
3.9M3.9M4.0M4.0M4.1M5.5M12.7M13.6M14.1M18.1M25.7MShares out (diluted)Shares
$116.08$118.92$115.76$110.89$93.63$42.32$18.75$18.81$21.57$21.07$16.03Revenue / shareRev/sh
$-7.27$-11.25$-13.49$-8.94$-72.04$22.65$-4.28$-1.56$-0.15$-3.91$-3.87EPS (diluted)EPS
$-2.62$3.98$3.75$-3.74$-5.47$-7.08$-2.13$-0.53$-1.91$-0.49$-1.83Owner earnings / shareOE/sh
$-2.62$3.98$3.75$-3.74$-5.47$-7.08$-2.13$-0.53$-1.91$-0.49$-1.83Free cash flow / shareFCF/sh
$16.18$10.18$5.53$5.04$3.81$1.88$1.93$1.32$1.78$1.84$1.23Cap. spending / shareCapex/sh
$30.33$20.48$8.87$3.57$-68.11$-8.44$-8.00$-8.48$5.09$-0.00$34.44Book value / shareBVPS

Share counts before 2018 are restated ×1/15 for a stock split, so per-share figures sit on one basis.

The diluted share count moved ×2.29 into 2022 — shares issued, not a split the totals corroborate — and the per-share figures carry the counts as filed.

Share counts before 2024 are restated ×2 for a stock split, so per-share figures sit on one basis.

The diluted share count moved ×1.42 into TTM — shares issued, not a split the totals corroborate — and the per-share figures carry the counts as filed.

Per-share growththe realized rate an owner's share compounded
9-yr5-yr
Revenue / share−17.3%/yr−25.8%/yr
Capital spending / share−21.5%/yr−13.6%/yr

The record, charted

FY2016–2025

Each measure over its full record; the current point and the worst year marked. Share counts on the current split basis.

Share count
18Mpeak FY2025
ROIC
−5%low FY2020

Owner earnings vs. net income

Owner earningsNet income

The accountant's number, and the cash an owner can take; the gap is the tell.

($9M)owner earningsvs.($71M)net incomelow FY2021

Where the cash went

ReinvestBuybacksDividendsAcquisitionsRetainedBeyond op. cash

Each year's outlays against its operating cash: the mix, and how it drifts. The hatched cap is spending beyond that year's operating cash — financed from the balance sheet or borrowing, not operations.

FY2016FY2025

Net income is the accountant's number; owner earnings is the cash an owner could take out. The walk between them, off the cash-flow statement, and whether the gap is widening or holding.

In fiscal 2025 the business turned a $71M loss into ($9M) of owner earnings: more cash than the profit line showed, after the non-cash charges and the capital it put back in.

FY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021
Reported net income($71M)($2M)($21M)($54M)$126M
Depreciation & amortizationnon-cash charge added back+$57M+$44M+$40M+$38M+$38M
Stock-based compensationreal costnon-cash, but a real cost+$5M+$4M+$3M+$4M+$3M
Working capital & othertiming of cash in and out, other non-cash items+$33M−$48M−$11M+$9M−$195M
Cash from operations$24M($2M)$11M($3M)($29M)
Capital expenditurecash put back in to keep running and to grow−$33M−$25M−$18M−$25M−$10M
Owner earnings($9M)($27M)($7M)($27M)($39M)
Owner-earnings marginowner earnings ÷ revenue-2%-9%-3%-11%-17%

Owner earnings is the cash an owner could pull out without starving the business: operating cash less the capital it must spend to hold its position . The cash-flow statement also adds stock comp back as non-cash, but it is a real cost paid in shares; counted as the expense it is (less $5M), owner earnings is nearer ($14M).

Maintenance capex is estimated as depreciation where a growing business invests above it; free cash flow is the figure the scorecard's free-cash margin reads.

III

Quality & stewardship

Returns, the balance sheet, capital allocation, and pay.

Owner’s Scorecard

FY2025 10-K · source on SEC EDGAR →

Will it survive?

  • Thin
    Operating income $69M ÷ interest expense $39M
    What this means

    Operating profit covers interest, but with little room. A bad year, a refinancing at higher rates, or a revenue wobble closes the gap fast.

  • How heavy is the debt, net of cash? $899M · 13.1× operating profit
    Heavy net debt
    Cash $11M − debt $910M
    What this means

    Netting $11M of cash and short-term investments against $910M of debt leaves $899M owed, about 13.1× a year's operating profit (13.2× on the gross debt, before the cash). Net debt is the leverage figure that matters: the cash is already set against the debt. Strategic or illiquid investments aren't counted here.

  • Not enough data
    What this means

    The filing data didn't include the inputs for this check.

Is it a good business?

  • Below average through the cycle
    7-yr median, range -7%–14%; the latest year is left out — large non-operating charges put its operating line well above pretax profit
    Industry peers: median 4%
    What this means

    The rate the business earns on the money tied up in it, Buffett's north star, because over time a stock tracks the ROIC beneath it. Above ~15% sustained hints at a moat; a return below the cost of capital (~8%) erodes value as a business grows rather than building it — the test Buffett weighs most. The headline is the median of the last 7 years, so one peak or trough year doesn't set the verdict. Asset-light businesses (R&D expensed, little capital) read artificially high, pair this with Owner Earnings.

  • Consumes cash through the cycle
    10-yr median margin, range -17%–3%; latest ($9M) = operating cash $24M − maintenance capex $33M
    Industry peers: median 5%
    What this means

    What an owner could take out without starving the business: operating cash less the maintenance capital it must spend to hold its position — Buffett's owner earnings. That's -2% of revenue this year, a -3% median across 10 years. Treating stock comp as the real expense it is (less $5M of SBC) leaves ($14M).

  • Loss, but cash-generative
    Net income ($71M) · cash from operations $24M
    What this means

    The company reported a net loss, so a conversion ratio isn't meaningful. What matters then is whether operations still threw off cash, here, they did.

How is the cash used?

  • No surplus to allocate
    What this means

    The business didn't generate positive Owner Earnings this year, so any distributions came from the balance sheet or borrowing, not from operations.

  • Investing or harvesting? 0.59×
    Harvesting
    Capex $33M ÷ depreciation $57M
    What this means

    Descriptive, not a grade. Above ~1× means investing faster than assets wear out (growth, or, sustained for years, today's earnings carrying less depreciation than tomorrow's will). Below means spending less than it's wearing out (efficiency, or a melting asset base). The ratio won't tell you which; the filings will.

Graham’s defensive tests · 0 of 5 met

Graham’s numerical criteria for the defensive investor (The Intelligent Investor, ch. 14), run on the filings. A floor of safety, not a buy signal; many fine modern businesses fail his strictest liquidity rules by design.

  • Adequate size Miss
    Revenue ≥ $2B · $381M
    What this means

    Big enough to weather a storm. Graham's 1972 floor was ~$100M of sales (≈ $700M today); we use a $2B revenue line as a conservative modern stand-in.

  • Strong liquidity Miss
    Current ratio ≥ 2× · 0.74×
    What this means

    Current assets at least twice current liabilities, near-term bills covered without touching the business. Strict by design: many cash-rich modern firms run leaner and miss it, holding their cushion in longer-dated securities.

  • Conservative debt Miss
    Debt ≤ working capital · $910M vs ($27M) WC
    What this means

    Graham's rule that borrowings not exceed net current assets. Capital-heavy and buyback-heavy firms routinely fail it, read it next to interest coverage, not alone.

  • Earnings stability Miss
    A profit every year (10-yr record) · 9 loss years
    What this means

    Graham wanted earnings in each of the past ten years, the stability a defensive owner leans on.

  • Dividend record Miss
    Uninterrupted dividends · none paid
    What this means

    An unbroken dividend was Graham's mark of durability. He wanted twenty years; the filings show about ten, and a single suspension breaks the streak. Non-payers, many fine modern compounders, fall outside his defensive net by design.

  • Earnings growth
    Earnings +33% over the record ·
    What this means

    Earnings were negative early in the record, a growth rate isn't meaningful.

  • Moderate price
    P/E ≤ 15 and P/E × P/B ≤ 22.5 · decided by the price
    What this means

    Graham's valuation gate, the wall he kept between a sound business and a sound investment. Three-year average earnings are $-0.66/share (latest year $-1.49), the averaged base the calculator's gate runs on, and book value is $-0.00/share. Enter a price in “What the price implies” just below for the P/E, P/B, and whether it clears. But this is the rule Buffett outgrew: there's no hard P/E law, and a wonderful business can deserve a far richer multiple if the thesis holds, treat it as the bargain-hunter's floor, not a verdict on the price.

Durability & moat, 2016–2025

Whether the record’s returns held, and what the capital reinvested earned.

  • Profitable years 1 of 10
    What this means

    Lost money in 9 year(s), look at what happened there before trusting the average.

  • Return on capital ≥ 15% 0 of 7 yrs
    What this means

    A moat shows up as a high return on invested capital that holds year after year, not one good vintage.

  • Operating margin 2% → 11% (3-yr avg ends)
    What this means

    Through the cycle the operating margin widened — about 2% early to 11% lately, median −3% — pricing power intact or improving.

  • Reinvestment, incremental ROIC returns capital
    What this means

    The capital base barely grew: this business returns cash through dividends and buybacks rather than reinvesting. Judge it on the cash returned, not on compounding.

  • Worst year 2021 · −17.1% op. margin
    What this means

    Operations went underwater in 2021, understand why before trusting the good years.

  • Share count −5.1%/yr
    What this means

    The share count is shrinking, buybacks are quietly growing your slice of the business.

Does AI threaten the moat?

Moderate contestability

AI is likely to reshape costs and some products here without clearly contesting or sparing the core moat; how the company itself frames it is the tell.

In its own filing Named as a competitive risk

Its FY2025 10-K names artificial intelligence as a competitive threat.

“We are integrating generative AI tools into certain of our systems and our third-party business partners, including residents and vendors, as well as our competitors, may also develop or use such tools.”

The question is whether a moat the record shows as durable outlasts a technology that lowers the cost of part of what the firm sells. The durability is read in the record above, the filing's own framing of AI beside it; the industry label decides nothing on its own.

Read from the filing's own risk factors, paired with the industry's structure under its SIC code; the durability is read above, the price below.

All figures as filed; the source filing is linked above.

Current Position

as of the latest quarter, Mar 31, 2026

Can the business pay what it owes this year, off the freshest balance sheet: the quality of the assets, the debt actually coming due, and what a low ratio means here.

Current assets$147M
  • Cash & short-term investments$84M
  • Receivables$26M
  • Other current assets$36M
Current liabilities$334M
  • Debt due within a year$219M
  • Accounts payable$18M
  • Other current liabilities$97M
Current ratio0.44×all current assets ÷ what's due · Graham looked for 2×
Quick ratio0.44×stricter: inventory excluded
Cash ratio0.25×strictest: cash alone against what's due
Working capital($187M)the cushion left after near-term bills
Debt due this year vs. cash$219M due · $84M cash cash alone won't cover the maturities; it leans on refinancing or operating cash · both figures from the Mar 31, 2026 balance sheet
Cash runway1.8 yrsthe business is consuming cash; this is how long the cash on hand lasts at that rate
Revenue, latest quarter vs. a year ago+33.4%the freshest read on whether the business is still growing
Current ratio, recent quarters0.8× → 0.4×
Deeper floors
Tangible book value$623Mequity stripped of goodwill & intangibles
Net current asset value($1.6B)Graham's net-net: current assets less all liabilities
Debt incl. operating leases$1.6B$274K of it operating leases
Deferred revenue$9Mcustomer cash collected before delivery; operating float

From the company's latest filing.

How the cash was used, 2016–2025

Over the record, the business generated $145M of operating cash; how management split it reads as a reinvestor, most operating cash is plowed back into the business.

  • Reinvested$272M · 187%
  • Buybacks$2M · 2%
  • Returned to owners$2M

    $0 as dividends and $2M as buybacks.

  • Source of funding−$129M

    Reinvestment and shareholder returns ran $129M beyond the operating cash the business generated, so the gap was financed off the balance sheet.

  • Average price paid for buybacks$1945.74

    Across the years where the filing reports a share count, 0M shares were bought for $2M, about $1945.74 each.

  • Net change in share count566.6%

    The diluted count rose from 4M to 26M: issuance (stock pay, deals) outran any buybacks, so owners were diluted on net.

  • Dividend record

    No dividend line was reported in the filing data over the span; the record here neither confirms nor rules out a payout.

Buybacks are gross of stock issued to staff; the share-count line above is the net of that, the figure that decides whether owners gained. The average price paid blends a year of purchases (and any accelerated repurchase), so it is close, not exact. The record of where the cash went and on what terms.

Management, ownership & pay

read the proxy →

From the proxy: how much of the business the people running it own, and how they are paid, beside what the business earned for its owners in the same years.

Fiscal yearChief executivePay, as filed“Actually paid”Owner earnings
2023Brandon M. Ribar$1.8M$955k($7M)
2024Brandon M. Ribar$3.2M$4.2M($27M)
2025Brandon M. Ribar$2.2M$3.9M($9M)

Both pay figures are the company’s own, from the pay-versus-performance table its proxy statement files. “As filed” is the Summary Compensation Table total: salary, bonus, and equity awards at their value on the day of grant. “Actually paid” is the SEC’s prescribed recalculation, which re-marks those equity awards to what they became as they vested; it can swing far above or below the filed figure in either direction, and negative years occur. Owner earnings are the whole business's, from the record above, for the same fiscal years.

  • Insider ownership39.3%

    The stake all directors and executive officers hold together, per the 2026 proxy: skin in the game, the first thing Munger reads.

  • Stock-based compensation$5M

    The slice of the business handed to employees in shares this year, 1% of revenue, equal to 7% of operating profit. Buffett's oldest accounting fight: this is compensation, compensation is an expense, real whether or not the headline earnings admit it. One trap: the cash-flow statement adds SBC back, so the operating cash, and the owner earnings drawn from it, are flattered by exactly this amount; counted as the cost it is, what an owner keeps is lower.

Inverting the record

Invert: instead of why Sonida Senior Living Inc. is a good business, the question is what would make owning it a mistake, and whether those marks are in the record. Disconfirming tests across 2016–2025.

All 4 tests turned up something to look into. A record that trips every wire is one to understand slowly.

  • Look hereIs it less profitable than it was?−4.7% vs 1.4%

    The owner-earnings margin averaged 1.4% early in the record and −4.7% across the last three years, and the latest year has not recovered. Ask the filing whether that is a structural drift or a cyclical trough — price, mix, cost, or a competitor — and whether it is permanent.

  • Look hereDid the share count rise anyway?566.6%

    Diluted shares grew 566.6% over 2016–2025, even as the company spent $2M on buybacks. The repurchases were outrun by issuance — to staff, in a raise, or in a deal — and the filing says which; owners' slice still shrank. Read the buyback line beside this one, not on its own.

  • Look hereDid receivables and inventory outpace sales?3% → 6% of sales

    Receivables and inventory grew from $14M to $26M while revenue grew −8%: working capital is climbing faster than sales (3% of revenue then, 6% now). That can mean customers paying slower, stock building up, or revenue pulled forward. The filing's cash-flow and receivables notes say which.

  • Look hereAre "one-time" charges a yearly habit?5 of 10 years

    Management took an impairment or write-down in 5 of the last 10 years, $50M in all. Taken across the majority of the record, the "one-time" label is wearing thin — ask whether these are past deals coming due rather than genuinely isolated events. Read it beside the goodwill the company still carries.

Each test is read from the filings and is noisy alone; a flag can mark a cyclical trough or a year of heavy investment as easily as a problem. The filing says which.

What an owner would ask, FY2025

read the 10-K →
  • Which reported numbers are a judgment call?
    Management names Stock compensation as critical estimates

    each rests partly on management's judgment; the filing's note sets out the assumptionsverify →

The questions the record and the charts do not answer on their own; each carries the figure and the place to look.

Peers, Health Care Providers & Services

The same industry, side by side on owner economics. Each figure is a through-cycle median, so a peak or trough year can’t distort it; the group median at the foot is the line to read each against.

CompanyRevenueGross marginOp. marginROICOwner earn. margin
BKDBrookdale Senior Living Inc.$3.2B-1.3%-1%-1%
RDNTRadNet$2.0B13%4.9%4%5%
NHCNational HealthCare Corporation$1.5B5.3%6%7%
SHCSotera Health$1.2B55%25.2%7%13%
INNVInnovAge Holding Corp.$854M-2.5%-6%1%
SNDASonida Senior Living Inc.$381M-0.8%-4%-3%
CSTLCastle Biosciences Inc.$344M81%-14.6%-18%-0%
VMDViemed Healthcare Inc.$270M61%9.2%12%10%
Group median2.0%1%3%
IV

The price

What a price has to assume.

What the price implies

reverse-DCF

Sonida Senior Living Inc. is profitable, but owner earnings are negative this year because capital spending currently outruns operating cash, a build-out, so the owner-earnings reverse-DCF has no positive base to grow. We read the price from both ends instead: type a price to see the steady-state profitability it demands, then set the mature margin you would believe and weigh the two against each other. Nothing leaves your browser unless you enter it in your notebook.

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The assumptions

Revenue, delivered2%/yr’20→’25

Enter a price to run it.

Owner earnings it must reach
Margin the price demands
Owner-earnings margin today−11%

Two reads of one future. From your price: the owner earnings the company must reach, valued at a mature multiple and discounted back at your rate, expressed as the margin it implies on revenue grown at your rate. From your belief: the mature margin you would credit, set on the dial above. When the margin the price demands runs above the one you would believe, you are paying for a future taken on faith. For a deep cyclical at a trough, normalized through-cycle earnings are the better lens; this mode is for the genuinely unprofitable, and for the profitable business whose capital spending currently outruns its cash.

Cite: Owner Scorecard, "Sonida Senior Living Inc. (SNDA), the owner's record," https://ownerscorecard.com/c/SNDA, data as of 2026-07-09.

Manual order: ← SNAP its page in the Manual SNDK →

Industry order: ← SHC the Health Care Providers & Services chapter SRTA →