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STRA, Strategic Education Inc.
Education services company that provides access to high-quality education through campus-based and online post-secondary education offerings, as well as through programs to develop job-ready skills for high-demand markets.
The business
What it sells, where the money comes from, the kind of company it is.
The business in brief
read the 10-K →What this business is and what moves its needle, from its own SEC filings.
- What it is
- Revenue is U.S. Higher Education (68%), Australia / New Zealand (20%) and Education Technology Services (12%).
- What moves the needle
- Operating margin has run about 11% through the cycle, a solid margin the cost base and competition set as much as the price does. The operating margin has swung widely — from −3.6% to 14% over the years — so the through-cycle figure carries more than any single year, and the worst year more than the best. On its own account, the filing leans hardest on pricing power & competition, set against the numbers in what the filing emphasizes, below.
- Is it a good business?
- Return on capital has rarely cleared the cost of capital (median 6%, above 15% in 2 of 10 years). By owner earnings: roughly 9% of revenue reaches owners as cash, consistently. This is price-taker territory, where the balance sheet and the cycle matter more than any multiple; the rest is in the 10-K.
Every line is arithmetic on the company's filings, shown in full in the sections below.
Where the money comes from
read the 10-K →U.S. Higher Education is 68% of revenue, with Australia / New Zealand the other meaningful segment at 20%.
- U.S. Higher Education68%$868M
- Australia / New Zealand20%$252M
- Education Technology Services12%$148M
From the segment footnote of the company's own 10-K. Shares are of total revenue; the profit bar shows each segment's share of segment operating profit, before unallocated corporate costs.
The record
Ten years of arithmetic, read across the cycle.
The record, 2016–2025
realized figures from each filing · older years to the left| 2016’16 | 2017’17 | 2018’18 | 2019’19 | 2020’20 | 2021’21 | 2022’22 | 2023’23 | 2024’24 | 2025’25 | TTMTTMMar 2026 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income statement | |||||||||||
| $441M | $455M | $634M | $997M | $1.0B | $1.1B | $1.1B | $1.1B | $1.2B | $1.3B | $1.3B | RevenueRevenue |
| 11% | 28% | 31% | 27% | 29% | 32% | 36% | 34% | 34% | 34% | 34% | SG&A / revenueSG&A/rev |
| $57M | $52M | ($23M) | $111M | $109M | $74M | $71M | $95M | $156M | $174M | $176M | Operating incomeOp. inc. |
| 13.0% | 11.5% | −3.6% | 11.1% | 10.6% | 6.5% | 6.6% | 8.4% | 12.8% | 13.7% | 13.8% | Operating marginOp. mgn |
| $35M | $21M | ($16M) | $81M | $86M | $55M | $47M | $70M | $113M | $127M | $130M | Net incomeNet inc. |
| 39% | — | — | 34% | 24% | 28% | 33% | 31% | 30% | 29% | 27% | Effective tax rateTax rate |
| Cash flow & returns | |||||||||||
| $45M | $56M | $47M | $202M | $143M | $181M | $126M | $117M | $169M | $198M | $218M | Operating cash flowOp. cash |
| $18M | $19M | $31M | $50M | $52M | $59M | $52M | $48M | $44M | $48M | $48M | DepreciationDeprec. |
| ($19M) | $5M | $16M | $59M | ($10M) | $48M | $6M | ($21M) | ($13M) | $230K | $17M | Working capital & otherWC & other |
| $13M | $18M | $28M | $39M | $47M | $49M | $43M | $37M | $41M | $44M | $44M | CapexCapex |
| 3.0% | 4.0% | 4.3% | 3.9% | 4.6% | 4.4% | 4.1% | 3.3% | 3.3% | 3.5% | 3.5% | Capex / revenueCapex/rev |
| $31M | $38M | $19M | $163M | $96M | $131M | $83M | $80M | $129M | $154M | $174M | Owner earningsOwner earn. |
| 7.1% | 8.4% | 3.0% | 16.4% | 9.4% | 11.6% | 7.8% | 7.1% | 10.6% | 12.1% | 13.7% | Owner earnings marginOE mgn |
| $31M | $38M | $19M | $163M | $96M | $131M | $83M | $80M | $129M | $154M | $174M | Free cash flowFCF |
| 7.1% | 8.4% | 3.0% | 16.4% | 9.4% | 11.6% | 7.8% | 7.1% | 10.6% | 12.1% | 13.7% | Free cash flow marginFCF mgn |
| $8M | $0 | $0 | $0 | $629M | $0 | $800K | $530K | $177K | $36K | $36K | AcquisitionsAcquis. |
| — | $11M | $28M | $47M | $56M | $59M | $59M | $59M | $59M | $58M | $56M | Dividends paidDiv. paid |
| — | — | $0 | $0 | $247K | $6M | $40M | $10M | $12M | $139M | — | BuybacksBuybacks |
| 59% | 49% | -2% | 7% | 5% | 3% | 3% | 4% | 7% | 8% | 8% | ROICROIC |
| 18% | 10% | -1% | 6% | 5% | 3% | 3% | 4% | 7% | 8% | 8% | Return on equityROE |
| — | 4% | −3% | 2% | 2% | −0% | −1% | 1% | 3% | 4% | 4% | Retained to equityRetained/eq |
| Balance sheet | |||||||||||
| $129M | $156M | $312M | $420M | $188M | $269M | $236M | $209M | $199M | $153M | $163M | Cash & investmentsCash+inv |
| $21M | $23M | $56M | $52M | $50M | $51M | $63M | $76M | $76M | $78M | $86M | ReceivablesReceiv. |
| $41M | $46M | $86M | $91M | $105M | $96M | $91M | $91M | $102M | $106M | $115M | Accounts payablePayables |
| ($21M) | ($23M) | ($30M) | ($39M) | ($55M) | ($44M) | ($28M) | ($15M) | ($26M) | ($28M) | ($29M) | Operating working capitalOper. WC |
| $161M | $190M | $420M | $524M | $286M | $368M | $329M | $329M | $305M | $278M | $304M | Current assetsCur. assets |
| $60M | $69M | $125M | $157M | $200M | $196M | $210M | $210M | $216M | $218M | $263M | Current liabilitiesCur. liab. |
| 2.7× | 2.8× | 3.4× | 3.3× | 1.4× | 1.9× | 1.6× | 1.6× | 1.4× | 1.3× | 1.2× | Current ratioCurr. ratio |
| $21M | $21M | $733M | $732M | $1.3B | $1.3B | $1.3B | $1.3B | $1.2B | $1.2B | $1.3B | GoodwillGoodwill |
| $299M | $321M | $1.7B | $1.8B | $2.3B | $2.3B | $2.2B | $2.1B | $2.0B | $2.0B | $2.1B | Total assetsAssets |
| — | — | — | $0 | $142M | $142M | $101M | $61M | $0 | — | $25M | Total debtDebt |
| — | — | — | ($420M) | ($46M) | ($127M) | ($135M) | ($147M) | ($199M) | — | ($138M) | Net debt / (cash)Net debt |
| 89.5× | 81.3× | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 273.0× | Interest coverageInt. cov. |
| $188M | $209M | $1.4B | $1.5B | $1.7B | $1.7B | $1.6B | $1.7B | $1.7B | $1.6B | $1.6B | Shareholders’ equityEquity |
| 2.4% | 2.6% | 2.4% | 1.2% | 1.4% | 1.6% | 2.0% | 1.7% | 2.1% | 1.8% | 1.8% | Stock comp / revenueSBC/rev |
| Per share | |||||||||||
| 10.8M | 11.2M | 15.2M | 22.1M | 22.9M | 24.1M | 24.0M | 24.0M | 24.1M | 23.4M | 22.2M | Shares out (diluted)Shares |
| $40.67 | $40.62 | $41.75 | $45.13 | $44.95 | $46.92 | $44.40 | $47.29 | $50.54 | $54.19 | $57.31 | Revenue / shareRev/sh |
| $3.21 | $1.84 | $-1.03 | $3.67 | $3.77 | $2.28 | $1.94 | $2.91 | $4.67 | $5.41 | $5.85 | EPS (diluted)EPS |
| $2.89 | $3.40 | $1.27 | $7.40 | $4.20 | $5.43 | $3.45 | $3.35 | $5.33 | $6.58 | $7.84 | Owner earnings / shareOE/sh |
| $2.89 | $3.40 | $1.27 | $7.40 | $4.20 | $5.43 | $3.45 | $3.35 | $5.33 | $6.58 | $7.84 | Free cash flow / shareFCF/sh |
| — | $1.02 | $1.83 | $2.11 | $2.45 | $2.45 | $2.47 | $2.45 | $2.44 | $2.46 | $2.54 | Dividends / shareDiv/sh |
| $1.21 | $1.61 | $1.81 | $1.75 | $2.05 | $2.05 | $1.80 | $1.54 | $1.68 | $1.89 | $1.98 | Cap. spending / shareCapex/sh |
| $17.37 | $18.68 | $93.83 | $66.19 | $76.48 | $71.06 | $68.16 | $68.98 | $68.87 | $70.35 | $73.72 | Book value / shareBVPS |
The diluted share count moved ×1.45 into 2019 — shares issued, not a split the totals corroborate — and the per-share figures carry the counts as filed.
| 9-yr | 5-yr | |
|---|---|---|
| Revenue / share | +3.2%/yr | +3.8%/yr |
| Owner earnings / share | +9.6%/yr | +9.4%/yr |
| EPS | +6.0%/yr | +7.5%/yr |
| Dividends / share | +11.6%/yr (8-yr) | +0.1%/yr |
| Capital spending / share | +5.1%/yr | −1.6%/yr |
| Book value / share | +16.8%/yr | −1.7%/yr |
The record, charted
FY2016–2025Each measure over its full record; the current point and the worst year marked.
Owner earnings vs. net income
Owner earningsNet incomeThe accountant's number, and the cash an owner can take; the gap is the tell.
Where the cash went
ReinvestBuybacksDividendsAcquisitionsRetainedBeyond op. cashEach year's outlays against its operating cash: the mix, and how it drifts. The hatched cap is spending beyond that year's operating cash — financed from the balance sheet or borrowing, not operations.
Net income is the accountant's number; owner earnings is the cash an owner could take out. The walk between them, off the cash-flow statement, and whether the gap is widening or holding.
In fiscal 2025 the business turned $127M of profit into $154M of owner earnings: more cash than the profit line showed, after the non-cash charges and the capital it put back in.
| FY2025 | FY2024 | FY2023 | FY2022 | FY2021 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reported net income | $127M | $113M | $70M | $47M | $55M |
| Depreciation & amortizationnon-cash charge added back | +$48M | +$44M | +$48M | +$52M | +$59M |
| Stock-based compensationreal costnon-cash, but a real cost | +$23M | +$26M | +$20M | +$22M | +$18M |
| Working capital & othertiming of cash in and out, other non-cash items | +$230K | −$13M | −$21M | +$6M | +$48M |
| Cash from operations | $198M | $169M | $117M | $126M | $181M |
| Capital expenditurecash put back in to keep running and to grow | −$44M | −$41M | −$37M | −$43M | −$49M |
| Owner earnings | $154M | $129M | $80M | $83M | $131M |
| Owner-earnings marginowner earnings ÷ revenue | 12% | 11% | 7% | 8% | 12% |
Owner earnings is the cash an owner could pull out without starving the business: operating cash less the capital it must spend to hold its position . The cash-flow statement also adds stock comp back as non-cash, but it is a real cost paid in shares; counted as the expense it is (less $23M), owner earnings is nearer $131M.
Maintenance capex is estimated as depreciation where a growing business invests above it; free cash flow is the figure the scorecard's free-cash margin reads.
Quality & stewardship
Returns, the balance sheet, capital allocation, and pay.
Owner’s Scorecard
Will it survive?
- Can it pay its interest? 271.4×ComfortableOperating income $174M ÷ interest expense $642K
What this means
Operating profit covers interest with the kind of margin Graham wanted for a defensive holding. Necessary, not sufficient, it says solvent, not cheap.
- Net cashCash $141M + ST investments $7M − debt $20M
What this means
Cash and short-term investments exceed every dollar of debt by $128M, on net the company owes nothing, and can act from strength when others can't. It also holds $5M in longer-dated marketable securities; counting those, it sits at net cash of $133M. Net debt is the leverage figure that matters: the cash is already set against the debt. Strategic or illiquid investments aren't counted here.
- Not enough data
What this means
The filing data didn't include the inputs for this check.
Is it a good business?
- Below average through the cycle10-yr median, range -2%–59%; 8% latest = NOPAT $124M ÷ invested capital $1.5BIndustry peers: median 11%
What this means
The rate the business earns on the money tied up in it, Buffett's north star, because over time a stock tracks the ROIC beneath it. Above ~15% sustained hints at a moat; a return below the cost of capital (~8%) erodes value as a business grows rather than building it — the test Buffett weighs most. The headline is the median of the last 10 years (it ran 8% most recently), so one peak or trough year doesn't set the verdict. Asset-light businesses (R&D expensed, little capital) read artificially high, pair this with Owner Earnings.
- Solid through the cycle10-yr median margin, range 3%–16%; latest $154M = operating cash $198M − maintenance capex $44MIndustry peers: median 11%
What this means
What an owner could take out without starving the business: operating cash less the maintenance capital it must spend to hold its position — Buffett's owner earnings. That's 12% of revenue this year, a 8% median across 10 years. Treating stock comp as the real expense it is (less $23M of SBC) leaves $131M.
- Cash-backedCash from ops $198M ÷ net income $127M
In the filing’s words The filing leans on adjusted, non-GAAP earnings, but the GAAP profit is itself cash-backed — the adjustments are not papering over a cash shortfall here.
What this means
How much of reported profit showed up as operating cash. Above 1× is reassuring; well below suggests earnings lean on accruals. One year is noisy, growth and working-capital swings distort it, and this is operating cash, not free cash. Watch the multi-year trend.
How is the cash used?
- Returned more than it generatedDividends + buybacks $196M ÷ Owner Earnings $154M
What this means
The company returned more than it generated: against $154M of Owner Earnings, $196M (128%) went back to shareholders, $58M dividends, $139M buybacks — the excess came from the balance sheet or borrowing, not the year's operations. Net of $23M stock comp, the real buyback was about $116M. Sustained, that pattern draws down cash or adds debt; the net-debt line above shows where it stands.
- Investing or harvesting? 0.91×MaintainingCapex $44M ÷ depreciation $48M
What this means
Descriptive, not a grade. Above ~1× means investing faster than assets wear out (growth, or, sustained for years, today's earnings carrying less depreciation than tomorrow's will). Below means spending less than it's wearing out (efficiency, or a melting asset base). The ratio won't tell you which; the filings will.
Graham’s defensive tests · 2 of 6 met
Graham’s numerical criteria for the defensive investor (The Intelligent Investor, ch. 14), run on the filings. A floor of safety, not a buy signal; many fine modern businesses fail his strictest liquidity rules by design.
- Adequate size NearRevenue ≥ $2B · $1.3B
What this means
Big enough to weather a storm. Graham's 1972 floor was ~$100M of sales (≈ $700M today); we use a $2B revenue line as a conservative modern stand-in.
- Strong liquidity MissCurrent ratio ≥ 2× · 1.27×
What this means
Current assets at least twice current liabilities, near-term bills covered without touching the business. Strict by design: many cash-rich modern firms run leaner and miss it, holding their cushion in longer-dated securities.
- Conservative debt PassDebt ≤ working capital · $20M vs $60M WC
What this means
Graham's rule that borrowings not exceed net current assets. Capital-heavy and buyback-heavy firms routinely fail it, read it next to interest coverage, not alone.
- Earnings stability NearA profit every year (10-yr record) · 1 loss year
What this means
Graham wanted earnings in each of the past ten years, the stability a defensive owner leans on.
- Dividend record NearUninterrupted dividends · 9 of 10 yrs
What this means
An unbroken dividend was Graham's mark of durability. He wanted twenty years; the filings show about ten, and a single suspension breaks the streak. Non-payers, many fine modern compounders, fall outside his defensive net by design.
- Earnings growth PassEarnings +33% over the record · +678%
What this means
At least a third more earnings than a decade ago, averaging three years at each end. Net income (not per-share), so stock splits don't distort it, buybacks and dilution show up in the share-count line instead.
- Moderate price —P/E ≤ 15 and P/E × P/B ≤ 22.5 · decided by the price
What this means
Graham's valuation gate, the wall he kept between a sound business and a sound investment. Three-year average earnings are $4.56/share (latest year $5.60), the averaged base the calculator's gate runs on, and book value is $72.81/share. Enter a price in “What the price implies” just below for the P/E, P/B, and whether it clears. But this is the rule Buffett outgrew: there's no hard P/E law, and a wonderful business can deserve a far richer multiple if the thesis holds, treat it as the bargain-hunter's floor, not a verdict on the price.
Durability & moat, 2016–2025
Whether the record’s returns held, and what the capital reinvested earned.
- Profitable years 9 of 10
What this means
Lost money in 1 year(s), look at what happened there before trusting the average.
- Return on capital ≥ 15% 0 of 6 yrs
What this means
A moat shows up as a high return on invested capital that holds year after year, not one good vintage.
- Operating margin 7% → 12% (3-yr avg ends)
What this means
Through the cycle the operating margin widened — about 7% early to 12% lately, median 11% — pricing power intact or improving.
- Reinvestment, incremental ROIC returns capital
What this means
The capital base barely grew: this business returns cash through dividends and buybacks rather than reinvesting. Judge it on the cash returned, not on compounding.
- Owner earnings growth +17%/yr
What this means
Owner earnings grew about 17% a year over the record.
- Worst year 2018 · −3.6% op. margin
What this means
Operations went underwater in 2018, understand why before trusting the good years.
- Dividend record rising
What this means
Paid and raised the dividend across the record, the continuity Graham prized.
Does AI threaten the moat?
Moderate contestabilityAI is likely to reshape costs and some products here without clearly contesting or sparing the core moat; how the company itself frames it is the tell.
The filing raises AI among its risks, but in other terms (security, regulation, energy or the like), not as a competitor to its product; it frames AI mainly as a capability.
The question is whether a moat the record shows as durable outlasts a technology that lowers the cost of part of what the firm sells. The durability is read in the record above, the filing's own framing of AI beside it; the industry label decides nothing on its own.
Read from the filing's own risk factors, paired with the industry's structure under its SIC code; the durability is read above, the price below.
All figures as filed; the source filing is linked above.
Current Position
as of the latest quarter, Mar 31, 2026Can the business pay what it owes this year, off the freshest balance sheet: the quality of the assets, the debt actually coming due, and what a low ratio means here.
- Cash & short-term investments$158M
- Receivables$86M
- Other current assets$60M
- Debt due within a year$6M
- Accounts payable$115M
- Other current liabilities$142M
From the company's latest filing.
How the cash was used, 2016–2025
Over the record, the business generated $1.3B of operating cash; how management split it reads as a balanced allocator, splitting cash between the business, owners, and the balance sheet.
- Reinvested$359M · 28%
- Dividends$435M · 34%
- Buybacks$207M · 16%
- Retained (debt / cash)$283M · 22%
- Returned to owners$642M
69% of the owner earnings the business produced over the span, $435M as dividends and $207M as buybacks.
- Average price paid for buybacks—
Buybacks ran $207M over the span, but the filings don't tag the share count needed to deduce the average price paid.
- Net change in share count104.4%
The diluted count rose from 11M to 22M: issuance (stock pay, deals) outran any buybacks, so owners were diluted on net.
- Dividend record$2.46/sh
Paid in 9 of the years on record, the per-share dividend growing about 12% a year. It was never cut over the span.
Buybacks are gross of stock issued to staff; the share-count line above is the net of that, the figure that decides whether owners gained. The average price paid blends a year of purchases (and any accelerated repurchase), so it is close, not exact. The record of where the cash went and on what terms.
Acquisitions & goodwill
from the balance sheet & the 10-year cash-flow recordGoodwill grows only when a company acquires and falls only when it concedes it overpaid. The size of that bet, the cash put into buying rather than building, and how much has already been written off.
$14M written down across 1 year (2018): goodwill the company has already conceded it overpaid for, charged against earnings. A write-down costs no cash (the cash went out when the deal was signed), but it is management marking its own past judgment to market.
Goodwill, acquired intangibles and equity from the latest balance sheet; acquisition spend and write-downs summed across the 10-year record, from the company's own filings.
Management, ownership & pay
read the proxy →From the proxy: how much of the business the people running it own, and how they are paid, beside what the business earned for its owners in the same years.
| Fiscal year | Chief executive | Pay, as filed | “Actually paid” | Owner earnings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Karl McDonnell | $6.2M | $1.3M | $131M |
| 2022 | Karl McDonnell | $5.5M | $10.0M | $83M |
| 2023 | Karl McDonnell | $5.4M | $8.2M | $80M |
| 2024 | Karl McDonnell | $5.5M | $6.1M | $129M |
| 2025 | Karl McDonnell | $5.7M | $4.0M | $154M |
Both pay figures are the company’s own, from the pay-versus-performance table its proxy statement files. “As filed” is the Summary Compensation Table total: salary, bonus, and equity awards at their value on the day of grant. “Actually paid” is the SEC’s prescribed recalculation, which re-marks those equity awards to what they became as they vested; it can swing far above or below the filed figure in either direction, and negative years occur. Owner earnings are the whole business's, from the record above, for the same fiscal years.
- CEO pay ratio69:1
What the chief earns for every dollar the median employee makes, per the 2026 proxy. A high ratio alone settles nothing; some businesses are genuinely top-heavy in scarce skill. A runaway figure is where Buffett starts asking whether the board is doing its job.
- Stock-based compensation$23M
The slice of the business handed to employees in shares this year, 2% of revenue, equal to 13% of operating profit. Buffett's oldest accounting fight: this is compensation, compensation is an expense, real whether or not the headline earnings admit it. One trap: the cash-flow statement adds SBC back, so the operating cash, and the owner earnings drawn from it, are flattered by exactly this amount; counted as the cost it is, what an owner keeps is lower.
Inverting the record
Invert: instead of why Strategic Education Inc. is a good business, the question is what would make owning it a mistake, and whether those marks are in the record. Disconfirming tests across 2016–2025.
3 of the 5 tests turned up something to look into; the other 2 came back clean.
- Look hereDid the share count rise anyway?104.4%
Diluted shares grew 104.4% over 2016–2025, even as the company spent $207M on buybacks. The repurchases were outrun by issuance — to staff, in a raise, or in a deal — and the filing says which; owners' slice still shrank. Read the buyback line beside this one, not on its own.
- Look hereDid receivables and inventory outpace sales?5% → 7% of sales
Receivables and inventory grew from $21M to $86M while revenue grew 188%: working capital is climbing faster than sales (5% of revenue then, 7% now). That can mean customers paying slower, stock building up, or revenue pulled forward. The filing's cash-flow and receivables notes say which.
- Look hereAre "one-time" charges a yearly habit?8 of 10 years
Management took an impairment or write-down in 8 of the last 10 years, $29M in all. A charge taken almost every year is not one-time; it is the business — past deals coming due, and an admission the assets were worth less than what was paid. Munger's rule: when the "one-time" keeps happening, it is the business. Read it beside the goodwill the company still carries.
- Is it less profitable than it was?
- Did reported profit become cash?
Each test is read from the filings and is noisy alone; a flag can mark a cyclical trough or a year of heavy investment as easily as a problem. The filing says which.
Peers, Education Services
The same industry, side by side on owner economics. Each figure is a through-cycle median, so a peak or trough year can’t distort it; the group median at the foot is the line to read each against.
| Company | Revenue | Gross margin | Op. margin | ROIC | Owner earn. margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GHCGraham Holdings Company | $4.9B | — | 4.6% | 3% | 5% |
| LRNStride Inc. | $2.4B | 35% | 5.8% | 11% | 11% |
| STRAStrategic Education Inc. | $1.3B | — | 10.9% | 6% | 9% |
| LOPEGrand Canyon Education Inc. | $1.1B | — | 28.1% | 27% | 24% |
| PRDOPerdoceo Education Corporation | $846M | — | 19.7% | 16% | 17% |
| UTIUniversal Technical Institute Inc | $836M | — | 1.5% | 2% | 4% |
| Group median | — | — | 8.3% | 8% | 10% |
The price
What a price has to assume.
What the price implies
reverse-DCFType today's close and see the owner-earnings growth you'd have to believe to justify it, beside what Strategic Education Inc. has delivered.
Strategic Education Inc.’s latest year runs above its own through-cycle margin — the reported figure may flatter a peak. So the tool opens on the through-cycle base, Graham’s averaging cutting both ways; clear the toggle below to read the latest year exactly as reported.
Through the cycle, Strategic Education Inc. earns about $112M on its 8.9% median owner-earnings margin. This year’s 12.1% margin runs above that; the reported figure may flatter a peak you'd be paying on. Normalize, below, values the price on that through-cycle figure rather than the latest year. It comes pre-checked here for that reason, the same rule that already normalizes a trough; clear it to price the year as filed.
—
9.0% = the 4.55% 10-year Treasury (Jul 15, 2026) + 4.45 points of equity premium. The rate you require is yours to set.
Enter a price above to run it.
A dated snapshot of the price you typed, the assumptions you set, and what the page showed for them. A snapshot is never edited after it is saved. Your notebook is yours alone — the commitment states what is stored and what we will never do.
Graham capped the multiple at 15×; Buffett and Munger let that rule go: a wonderful business can deserve 50× if the thesis holds. The gate marks the bargain-hunter's floor.
Prefilled with the 10-year Treasury (4.55%, as of Jul 15, 2026). Edit it for today’s exact figure, or a AAA corporate yield.
Graham measured a stock against the bond you could own instead, the heart of his margin of safety. Enter a price above to weigh the owner-earnings yield against this bond.
Owner earnings $174M on 23M shares outstanding, per the 10-Q cover, as of 2026-04-10; net cash $138M. The base opens on the through-cycle figure (the latest year sits above the record’s own median, and Graham’s averaging cuts both ways); clear Normalize to use the year as filed. Net of stock comp treats option pay as the expense it is. The dials set the multiple a growth belief justifies; the price, and every dollar on this page, is yours.
Manual order: ← STOK its page in the Manual STRC →
Industry order: ← PRDO the Education Services chapter TAL →